American Reacts to Australia & America SURPRISING DIFFERENCES... 

Always Remember... ANZAC DAY 2023

as kids, we drank water out of the garden hose, just had to let it run for a few seconds to wash out the spiders lol

One thing that was not mentioned about the coffee in Australia is that all of those shops are independently owned, and all of the coffee is different. They use different suppliers, different beans, and so there is a lot of variation. Starbucks failed in Australia because it's just not very good, it's expensive and who wouldn't rather buy from a local business rather than a multi-national chain.

The tap water here in Australia has to go through what is considered on of the toughest drinking water regulatory systems, with over 250 guidelines to ensure it is safe to drink. Mind you, the taste of the tap water does change from place to place but that is from all different kinds of factors. It doesn't matter that much anyway for me, I am just happy that our water is clean and safe.

I grew up in North Queensland drinking rain water from a tank. No filters. Only issue was getting the wrigglers (baby mossies) out of the water before drinking it.

Fun fact: In my village of Bundanoon, NSW, Australia, the sale of bottled water is banned! The bubblers (drinking fountains) have filtered water for free.

I'm Swedish and when I grew up I was surprised to learn that in some countries it's not safe to drink tap water or that it doesn't taste good or even that it's not cold enough. Here it's safe, tastes good (some regions better than others) and it's usually fairly cold.

As a 78yr old Australian, living in Geelong (80km south-west of Melbourne), I grew up and experienced Australia's transition from Imperial Weights & Measures, money, temperature etc. to Metric starting from about the mid-60's through to late 80's, it did take a while to adapt but now it's natural to think Metric, best thing we ever did. My father however, couldn't get his head around Temperatures in Celsius and clung to the Fahrenheit system for weather. I tried to make it easy for him to think in terms of ... Freezing is below zero, cold is 0 - 10, cool is 10 - 20, warm is 20 - 30, hot is 30 - 40, effing hot is 40+ ... Cheers!

Actually, as a Kiwi I grew up drinking tap water but when I was a teen and went overseas for the first time I was warned about drinking tap water overseas. There is only 4 other countries where i have felt comfortable drinking tapwater.Australia, UK, Japan, & Ireland

I'm glad I live in a country with better tap water than bottled 😂

I doubt there would be an Aussie over the age of 10 who doesn't know the alt version of "Am I ever gonna see your face again" by the Angels. It is amazing how the alt version brings an instant smile to an Aussies face.

In relation to the cuss-words. You forget, we Australians make sailors blush. Here even in the places with the digital signs, there'll often also be a physical sign "Speed limit X unless signed otherwise". We tend to have REALLY good tap-water. It's free. If you have a bottle of water in the house it's usually a 1/2 full bottle that you throw in the freezer for personal use, so you pull the half-frozen bottle out, fill it from the tap, and it's cold fast, and longer. Once we removed the 1 and 2 cent pieces, you basically add it all up, and then round up/down at the end, once you get beyond a total dollar spent it all evens out in the wash.

Appreciate your honesty, sincerity and genuine appreciation for other countries, especially Australia. The respect is well noted and appreciated from an Aussie!

Here in Belgium they just play the original songs at any time, without disclaimers. I never understood why Americans make such a big deal over a few curse words. A few years ago we stopped with the 1 and 2 cent coins too in Belgium and I know some other European countries did this also. If you pay electronically there's no change but if you pay cash they will round off to 0 or 5 cents.

Having moved from North America to Australia... most Australian cities are very beautiful the larger regional towns are beautiful too.

Not sure about other Australian cities but in Perth we actually have digital signs on the freeways which give us live estimates of how long it will take to get to particular exits. So it takes the current traffic into consideration and updates.

You'd be pretty unlikely to hear the un-censored versions of songs in places like Target, or on commercial radio, but in smaller shops, especially alternative clothing shops and stuff, they don't care what they play. Her experience with the radio sounds like JJJ, which is one of our less commercialised, state-funded stations, so they don't have to worry as much about upsetting sponsors. And the weather here is definitely at its most variable in the Spring or Autumn. It can be freezing in the morning and you need a jacket and a jumper, and then you're just shedding layers throughout the day until you're just in a t-shirt.

When it comes to the change, you get charged to the closest 5c so it balances out. If a product is $9.99 you pay $10 but if it’s $9.92 you pay $9.90. It’s all good 👍🏻

You should come and visit Australia. It's more beautiful and civilized than you can ever imagine from seeing it on a screen. This place is inexplicably magical.

the best thing about our coffee shops is that THEY AREN'T ALL STARBUCKS, in fact in many places Starbucks just went out of business because they weren't good enough 😂

I respect that as an American you know ANYTHING about Australia. Well done you for taking time and having an interest in my country. I actually know more about American politics than I do about Australian. RU-vid brings countries together.

It’s such a dystopian thought (to me) to think about living in a world where I couldn’t drink the water from the tap! Aiaiai

The rising price of bronze (mainly the rising price of copper) made it an easy decision to remove 1 and 2 cent coins. Initially people weren't happy about retailers rounding up (3-4c -> 5c, 8-9c -> 10c) but very quickly we've gotten used to not stressing over 1 or 2 cents on the final bill.

just recently in Victoria the cost in public transport has decreased massively, I live a 2 hour train trip from Melbourne that used to cost around $50 - $60 return. When I went to Melbourne a week ago it cost under $10 return and a small train trip in Melbourne as well for that.

In Australia I’ve only ever bought a bottle of water once in my lifetime. We drink tap water or as kids from the garden hose 😂 I grew up awhile out of the city of Melbourne and we drank tank water the stuff that falls on the roof into gutters then tanks. And YES I can taste the difference between tap water in the city that has added fluoride and normal tank water

In rural areas, It's totally normal to collect rain water from your roof into a 22500 litre tank, for instance, for household water. Not treated either, I might add. I've never got sick from tank water while drinking it at my home. 🇦🇺

Aussie girl here, this was super fun to watch!!! Thankyou so much 👍

The lighting in Aussie cities is AWESOME at night, one of my favorite things about living in the city here!

I live in Melbourne, the weather thing is true, but you get used to checking the weather forecast before you go out for the day. We have one of the cleanest water system in the world, they did a TV show where they researched it and tap water was just as good quality as bottled water.

I worked in retail for a long time in various jobs and if an item for example is 10.93, you will round up to 10.95, and if its 10.92 you will round it down to 10.90. Its a good way to offload those 5c pieces

If it helps anyone... use this little word pattern to help visualise Celsius: Ice-Cold, Nice-Warm-Hot. 0° = Ice 10° = Cold 20° = Nice 30° = Warm 40° = Hot I moved to Australia roughly 18 years ago, and my first Aussie friend used this to help me comprehend the "feel" of the day's temperature.

Thank you for acknowledging ANZAC day. You, my sir, are one of the few, outside the Aussies & Kiwis, who gets it! =D

Ian, you mentioned the water you buy is cheap, if you buy bottled water ion Aus is expensive, but as the tap water is very clean and perfectly drinkable it's $2.50 for 1000L (264 US Gallons) and that expensive to what it used to be, so I guess our drinkable tap water is super cheap

In the uk the tap water is perfectly fine to drink. Growing up and travelling to different countries,I always found it bizarre they couldn’t drink water from there taps! 😳

It does actually rain more often than in Sydney but Sydney has more rain by volume !

Australians are pretty laid back and when having a coffee we sit down and relax with friends and chat and we avoid the rush and stress of some countries. We have the luxury of great beaches and plenty to choose from along with the weather being fairly mild but can experience some hotter extreme days but mostly blessed with cool ocean breezes and most Aussies live close to the coast. We are mostly pretty chilled here which helps to avoid being too stressed or anxious and a very friendly lot happy and resilient.

Here in Austria (not Australia🙂) nothing broadcasted is censored in any way either and I'm pretty sure that applies to all of Europe. If swearwords are part of a song, you will hear it on the radio without any "beeps". I just can imagine how annoying it would be listening to a song, that is permanently interrupted due to censorship. Same with (not) blurring out saucy details on TV: If they are part of a movie, documentary or whatever, they'll stay in. So over here it's not unusual by any means to get to sea breasts or even private parts in the prime time programme. I grew up with it and have actually never thought about it until I heard about the rather rigorous rules regarding this topic in the USA. 🙂

I think its easier to round up or down rather than calculate 3-12% tax depending on the state. Sounds like a nightmare to a non maths person like me. 😂 Most times here you won't be rounding at all, the cashier rounds if needed and just tells you the amount.

We are encouraged to drink water from the tap in Australia. If it is 99 cents it is really $1. Also we tend to pay with EFTPOS Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale, tap and go, so if something is rounding up or down does not take place.

So glad you’ve experienced the difference in our coffee culture here 🇦🇺I’m originally from Melbourne and the coffee isn’t like a religion. It is a religion but without a magic sky wizard. It just requires several daily salutation’s to the great one. 😂

A couple of things; Coffee shops on every corner used to be a pub on every corner of the CBD. My home town of Newcastle was like that. Proper pubs too with a front bar for the blokes a ladies lounge for women and a mixed saloon with accommodation upstairs. You could always get tea or coffee as well. Water is an issue down under but town or tap water is awesome, it comes filtered, treated and fluoride added, great for kids teeth.

She’s not wrong about Melbournes crazy weather! On a day when I was out and about, I counted 16 times I took my coat off/put my coat on because I was either too hot or too cold 😂 that’s why they say “if you don’t like Melbourne’s weather, just wait an hour.”

11:20 filters and bottled water are becoming more popular. Some people are scared of fluoride🤨 but I’ve always drunk tap water with no problems and we just refill water bottles and keep them in the fridge. There is nothing wrong with the water. Actually i have a system where i filter my water through a bed of barley, hops, and yeast. It comes out really nice.😋

if you have been sent a Australian $5 or $10 note in the last 2 or so years, take a magnifying glass and look over the note. In micro writing, as a currency security feature, they have poems. The first of which was the $5 which had an Australian poem by banjo patterson. The man from snowy river. That was the first of the $5 with it. each release after that has different things. Pretty cool feature thats fun to try and find.

She's not wrong about the coffee shops, especially in the city/nightlife areas. Melbourne being where it is, has very changeable weather, it can literally be throwing down rain in the morning, 30 C' in the middle of the day, warm in the afternoon and freeze your nuts off cold at night. The only place between Melbourne and the south pole is Tasmania!

Here in Perth we are heading towards having nearly 10 zones in our train network, to get from one side to another was expensive, they have now made it that in one trip you will only be charged 2 zones max no matter how far you go. Say Joondalup to Mandurah is 100km, with a smartrider card with autoload it's just 4 bucks.

Australia is pretty laid back wheb it comes to swearing, we've even had priministers that swear.. lol. And it's not unusual to hear an older farmer yelling and cursing at his cattle. Example:- Get in the there you flamin' mungrels! You'll also hear the "farkin' hell!" 😅

I’m old enough to remember when Australia converted to metric, you could get a sticker for your speedometer Also- still waiting for your Australian tour Ian🥹

Australian water is sooooo pure , this is a fact. Melbourne water in particular has been voted the ‘sweetest water in the world’. It is really lovely …like drinking a melting virgin iceberg

If a price ended with a 3 it would round up to five, not down to 0. It always rounds to the closest 5. Makes your coin purse much lighter than having to carry 1c and 2c pieces and quibbling over 2c. Australia made this change in the 80's

When she’s talking about coffee culture, it more prominent in Australia, but not to the extent that she says everywhere in the country. Melbourne is by far the city with the most coffee culture

I'm in Canberra. Our tap water is some of the highest quality in the world. It's usually higher quality than store-bought. Literally no point in buying it. It's part of the government's job to ensure clean and safe water is supplied to all citizens.

The 1 & 2 cent coins were taken out of circulation when the face value was lower than the cost of minerals in metals to founder & stamp at the mint along with the convenience of not carry pockets full coins. Australian currency is also individually different for each denomination for the use of visually impaired to recognise with different raised bumps, ridges, shapes and size same as Braille for printed books.

Re: 1 and 2 cent coins in Australia (Pennies in the US), as I recall, 1 and 2 cent coins were discontinued in Australia as the the cost of manufacturing of these coins was greater than the face value of the coins. They are no longer in circulation or production, however (I believe) they are still legal currency, not that you see anyone use them. Collectors are still looking for them and probably have a small collection of them. Yes, there are lots of "weird" things here in Aus, but they are not weird to us, just to everyone else in the world. But that is one of the many things that make Australia great and I, for one, would not wish to live anywhere else (with the exception of New Zealand). Have a great day. Cheers.

My Grandfather used to double the temperature and add 30 to convert to Fahrenheit. Also my Uncle's old Ford was in MPH, so he'd go 40 MPH in a 60 zone and 60 MPH in a 100 zone.

The whole world save for US uses the metric system for ease of calculation. Eg. one cubic centimeter of water (at room temp at sea level) = one milli-liter and weighs one gram. So a cube with a side of ten centimeters contains 1000 cubic centimeters and that volume of water is 1 litre which weighs 1 kilogram. One cubic meter of water weighs one tonne. With distance and area one thousand meters is one kilometer, and an area of a square with a side of 100 meters = 10,000 square meters and is called one hectare. It's just so much easier.

I heard somewhere that 'thongs' that go on the feet were invented in Australia for wearing at the beach. It was only after the underwear called a 'thong' was invented, I believe in America, that others started to call the footwear by other name except here in Oz.

As a Filipino-Aussie, my mum and cousins that live here always drink filtered water but I'll drink tap water, I think that may be a culture thing but when I'm overseas I only drink bottled water. I always found it to taste better straight from the tap, unless it's summer in North Queensland, the water is too hot to drink straight from the tap lol

We changed to metric while I was still at school, so had the best of both worlds and find it easy to convert from one to the other.

I didn't have time for the whole video this time, but I really appreciate your observations - it helps me to understand some differences that might make me look a bit less 'clumsy' if I get to visit USA 😊

Even other Australians don’t understand Melbournes 4 seasons in 1 day. We were on a camp with people from Perth & it went from like 3 degrees in the early morning to over 40 by the afternoon. They were so annoyed at us for not warning them; all bundled up without layers to take off. Idk about the coins, most people pay by card, so no issue there. There’s also not many situations where things cost weird cent amounts here. Maybe like the good old sales tactic of $9.99 but everyone knows that’s $10. I guess buying things by weight like fruit & veg may come to a cent amount that’s outside intervals of .5. I’d rather the rounding up or down than carrying around 1 cent coins

I live in Melbourne, born 1953. It is a great place, especially the Eastern suburbs. Have never been to W.A. and N.T. and only once to Qld. My late wife was from south of Hobart. Went to NZ about 1973 for one month and stayed with my Uncle and Aunty. What a great place, would love to go back one day. One of my brothers lives there, plus some cousins. Went to L.A. and Vancouver, and an Alaskan cruise with a few days inland, very nice. I like watching Ian's videos and his comments. Ian and his family would love Australia. Ian

IWocker - i really like your enthusiastiasm and upbeat vibe. I'm am an Ozzie but lived and/or worked abroad for 25 years and am guilty about occassionlly feeling jaded about my home country -- but It's great to hear your fresh impressions about our great southern land! I really hope you get the chance to visit soon. All the best. P.S I spent 4 years living in D.C ... scratch the surface and you find a great city!

Something else interesting about the Australian notes, is that there is brail on the notes for the blind

Living and growing up in Australia is mad awesome

for that Melbourne free tram zone, you need to think that its effectively a river valley. the left side (west) is Southern Cross Station at the top of the hill and the right side (east) is Parliament house, also at the top of the hill. Its also a *long* way to walk.

Australia is so big that each state has different weather. We are told to slip slop slap throughout the summer

We tend to light major bridges in major cities and also use the lighting to celebrate events. New South Wales (Blues) Harbour Bridge and Queensland (Maroons) Storey Bridge For example have a Footy ( Rugby League) 3 game annual event called State of Origin. Players are selected to represent the Australian state in which they played their first senior rugby league game (either high school or local senior club). The losing State usually lights it's bridge in the winning teams colours. The Opera House also has some quite amazing lighting to celebrate events.

I actually went into Harvey Norman Clearance centre here in Australia and it must have been a personal music list, but they played Nine Inch Nails " Closer". Which has " I wanna Fk you like animal" , " I wanna feel you from the inside", plus several other very descriptive verses in it. This was a Saturday arvo aswell. I was secretly WTF,I should've brought it up to them, but I didn't. Hey it's Australia, it's only a minute, you'll forget it in 5mins time.

Ian, maybe you could check out why Melbourne has so many Drinking Fountains around the city district. These historic Fountains have an interesting back ground.

The rounding up or down of money is only if you’re paying cash. Pay by card, you pay the exact amount. If it’s $19.98, that’s what you pay. You can take advantage of it and pay cash when it’s rounding down but pay by card when it would be rounding up and save a few extra cents.

Weather temperature is dependent on what you’re used to. My aunt from Queensland only comes to Perth during summer and she shivers, while we are all comfortable. Similarly my first UK winter, I was rugged up and everyone else was in a shirt.

Coins: When the metal you use to make the coins is worth more than what's stamped on them, you have to rethink using those coins. It was just easier to discontinue using them, they weren't really useful anymore. In order to buy anything with them, you'd have to carry dozens of them. They're actually considering doing the same to the 5c piece, too. As for the rounding up or down problem, it's not really a problem. If you pay by card, you pay the exact amount, and the only thing you can regularly buy that doesn't go up in bigger increments is fuel, anyway. Like, there's nothing listed as $19.99 these days, it's $19.95.

Yeah regarding Melbourne weather, we like to say "if you don't like the weather, just wait 5 mins". Four seasons in one day isn't unusual I'm not 100% sure, but I've heard our tap water is one of the cleanest, heard from a plumber when I considered getting a filter.

How can 32 being freezing make sense. It’s idiotic 0 at freezing makes perfect sense.

Filtered water: Completely normal to drink tap water in Australia. Same with some areas of the US, New York for example. Their water is just naturally very pure, drinkable stuff, so it doesn't need much done to it except regular maintenance of the water mains.

the coffee shop on every corner is more of a melbourne specific thing than an australia wide thing

With the language used on the radio, the commecial stations generally wont, nor will chain stores. we have Triple J, which is the ABC's 'youth' station, and often the independent stations, will give a language warning. they dont abuse it, so if someone who calls in drops a "shit" in convo, they'll let it slide, but will disconnect them if they start cussing out. something like a skate shop or a mechanics shop, where it would be more cultrally acceptable, its free for all. you wont hear much swearing it on TV before 8pm. but its not such a hard and fast rule. there is a great clip out there from the aussie punk bad Frenzal Rhomb playing live on a commercial network, with a backstage preamble saying that they'd keep it clean. they started the set with one of their less offensive songs, but segwayed into the song "cant move into my house", which has a fairly high ratio of f-bombs. but they didnt pull the plug. I just think Aussies find swearing less offensive in general, they are just words, and very useful ones at that. give the song a listen, it is a great song.

Never ever ever heard of a radio station giving warnings before songs. Regarding water 💦 bottled water has been found to contain more pollutants and micro plastics then in tap water. And nothing to say about throwing out all those plastic bottles. In Aus it’s not unusual to fill up your own mostly metal bottles filled with tap water.

When Australia went metric, cars started come come with dual speed displays, both metric and imperial. You could even buy a converter to attach to the speedo input on the display to permanently display in kph. The most confusing thing was going from £SP to cents and dollars. Shop owners hated it because conversion always created friction between customer and vendor as to what the equivalent values were. Then weights ... the hassles never seemed to end, especially to old fossil like me who grew up imperial and went through the conversion. Still throws me to this day sometimes. Moving on aint easy!

Hey Dude, here’s some comments. Illuminated bridges hide the graffiti. Weather in Melbourne is dominated by Westerly winds. These quickly oscillate from warm and still to wet and cold. Water supplied to major municipalities is treated and completely safe to drink. Currency when we first went to decimal included 1c and 2c coins. Later on we decided to delete those because they were redundant when we introduced the GST and rounding made prices mostly in 5c increments. Temperature system is Celsius in Oz. Frozen is zero, boiling is 100. What could be simpler? Speed we use metric. To do a ton in Oz is much easier - 100kph which is 60 mph.

😂 our water is so great we don’t need to filter it. YES we can drink it 😂

1:50 Some stations have the clean version and some play the "dirty" version. It's mainly only the ABC's radio station that will play the song with a warning.

I'm constantly surprised at the amount of censorship that goes on in the US. I was watching both the Australian and US versions of Alone, and the Australians swear all the time - as you do. The USAsians hardly ever, and when they do it's beeped! :O Shocking to know that you can't drink the tap water. 😞

i have subscribed to this lady and i asked her how she's enjoying her new life in the country her response was shes loving it

When we first got the plastic notes, we used to turn them into ‘shrinky dinks’ put them into the oven on low temp and shrink them down. I think it started with chip patterns.

I have lived in the UK, South Africa, and Australia; I find different cultural things very interesting. I now live in Australia and when visiting the UK a few years ago there was a sign on the M1 (the major motorway) had signs that it was a Smart Motorway. I had not heard of this term before and had to ask our relatives what that meant. They use it to monitor traffic load/accidents etc and slow down approaching traffic which helps to avoid traffic jams or more accidents by people driving at speed up to an accident scene. I found it a very good method for traffic control and making driving long distances easier.

I am in a very regional area, so minimal digital signs, but they are becoming more common now. And Australia has a coffee culture miles ahead of the USA... our coffee is overwhelmingly better, but far more social as you highlighted. And our water is, in general, awesome straight from the tap, and a lot cheaper than what you quoted. The payments are also rounded to the closest amount, generally whether down or up.

Lest we forget

im from WA (Western Australia - Perth) Tap water definitely is a thing.. good ol days of drinking from the hose outside lol And the only time you pay the EXACT price of an item is when its via Card.. otherwise round up or down. GST included!! gotta love that one

Loved the mention of fanny packs. The reason the Aussies use bum bag is directly from the UK connection, where the word fanny refers to female lady parts.

Hey Ian, just a question about the term bills. Where did that come from coz we call them notes, eg a $10 note. Bills for us are something you have to pay like an electricity bill. Also do you know your bills actually have printed on them "This note is legal tender in the USA?" Hence the question on why you call them bills?

Tap water, depends on the municipality, region or specific town, most of our tap water is perfectly safe to drink, some places have terrible ground water due to many things like runoff pollution from farming, drought, ageing pipes etc, Overall Aus water is safe.

I think about a dollar for 3 gallons of water is very expensive ? I live in the south of the Netherlands and the tap water kost € 1,25 for 1.000 liter That is $1.35 for 264 gallons of fesh drinking water. It is pumped up realy deep and has highest quality in the world. The quality is even higher as bottled waters.

Water: Hi, I live in South Wales and our tap water comes from a reservoir in the Brecon Beacons National Park about 30 miles away. Once you run the tap for a few seconds the water is very cold and very pure. The need to buy bottled water is not required but I do buy some small sports bottles at 9 pence/100ml, sparkling water for diluting fruit squash at 8 pence/100ml. My water bill costs me £18 per month and covers wastewater and sewage. Why bother with bottled water? The tap water is very good, store it in a fridge and beats any bottled water for taste and quality. I am lucky we have very soft water, no lime deposits so no furring of hot water pipes or heating elements. Other expensive waters are available in shops, restaurants etc, but in my opinion are sold to suckers and show-offs.

Ian, the car enthusiast that you are, you may like to check out the Australian car of the 60's, the Lightburn Zeta, very interesting, fibreglass body with motorcycle engine. Reversing with such a car was very interesting! Only 400 were ever made. Lightburn also made, washing machines, dishwashers and concrete mixers!

Hey Ian, on the weather front, Perth (Western Australia) has a dry Southern California style climate with more consistent sunshine than cities like Melbourne. An easy way to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is, double the temperature and add 30. Say it’s 21c, double it = 42 then add 30 = 72 Fahrenheit. When I travel to the US, I will use this method all the time, just in reverse.

Melbourne has one of the cleanest water sources in the world. Tap Water is very good. Could be bottled, but we don’t need to … very cheap, few bucks for 1000litres

When it comes to prices in Australia, you'll very rarely come across an individual price or combined total that ends in anything but a 0, 5 or occasionally 9. When paying with a credit or debit card obviously you're charged the specific amount. But paying cash gets it rounded to the nearest 5 or 0. Our 5 cent coin has been discontinued but is still accepted until they're circulated out. Our coinage still being minted are $2 $1 50c & 20c

I think the tap water thing is true for a lot of Australia especially in cities that generally have soft water but there are other cities (Adelaide comes to mind) where the water is harder and probably doesn't taste very good. When Americans think of coffee, do they generally think of drip coffee or espresso and does it change depending on setting (eg at home vs a cafe)? In Australia coffee is basically synonymous with espresso-based hot drinks at cafes, and instant, espresso and moka brewed when having coffee at home. Drip coffee isn't really a thing here.