Thank you for another informative video. Mahmoud Abbas is perhaps the only person on the planet that has a PHD in the denial of the Hebrew genocide by Nazis. He received his PHD from anti-Zionist Soviets. Notice I don't use the term "holocaust" because it does not mean genocide, and it is actually a terrible mistake to use this term. The Palestinist leaders continue the heritage of the viIe SS General Muhammad Amin-Al Husseini.
Prof. Dr. Stefanos Yerasimos "The Origin of the Turks and Troy" part2 Among them, he has seven books on Turks, the most important of which was published in 1560. The year 1560 is a turning point in terms of the progress of the Turks in the Mediterranean: That year, the Spanish navy was defeated in the Battle of Djerba and the West Mediterranean road was opened for the Turks. Sansovino thinks to compile and publish articles on the Turks; for such a corpus has not been produced, at least in Italy, until then. There is nothing directly related to the Turks in the collection of travels published by Giovanni Ramusio of Venice in three large volumes in the 1550s. Since the Turks, who are close neighbors, are not considered part of the travel literature aimed at promoting the newly discovered countries, it is up to Sansovino to fill this gap in the field of publication. The aim of the writer-publisher is to respond to the expectations of his current readers and to synthesize what is known and thought about Turks. Ramusio's synthesis for distant countries before that falls into the type of geography in which travel literature forms a part. There are places to go, see and buy here. The countries held by the Turks are part of a common past, and the knowledge about Turks is concerned about a common future. For this reason, "Turkish knowledge" goes into history, not geography, and Sansovino will compile a history book. The title of the book is "On the Universal History of the Origin and Empire of the Turks" (Dell'Historia Universale dell'Origine et Imperio de 'Turchi). It is necessary to dwell on this name. As we mentioned above, Sansovino offers a history book; however, this is a "universal history" and yet it is not a general universal history, but a universal history of the Turks. More precisely, it is declared that the universal history belongs to the Turks. The word imperio also refers to this; because the word we translate as "empire" actually means "absolute power" and hence imperium is one and cannot be shared. As the Eastern Roman, that is, Byzantine emperors, Charlemagne and his successor Holy Roman-Germanic rulers did not want to recognize the imperial qualities, the Ottoman sultans also continued this tradition and especially in the years when the Historia Universale was written, Suleiman the Magnificent, Charles Quint did not become the German emperor. he insisted on recognizing it only as the king of Spain. Starting from the third edition of the work, the word "della", which we translated as "subject", which makes the statement relative, will be removed from the title and the subject will be determined as "the universal history of the Turks" in a way that will not raise any doubts from now on. In the introduction to the first edition of Historia Universale, published in three fascicles between 1560-1561, Sansovino describes the purpose of the book as follows: Among the states of the world for which we have enough knowledge, I always thought that the Turkish ruler deserves the most respect for his state, because of the great obedience of his people and the happy fortune of the entire Turkish nation. It is astonishing to see in what form and how easily it grew and gained such fame and fame in such a short period of time. If we investigate their origins and carefully examine their internal and external affairs, we can say that indeed the military discipline, obedience, and fortune of the Romans passed to this race after the collapse of this state. The word fortuna, which we have translated as "fortune" here and mentioned twice, actually corresponds to the old and noble meaning of the word "state", which is used only in terms such as "state bird" in Turkish today, and is equivalent to the concepts of "welfare", "happiness" and "blessing". Used twice with Fortuna, obbedienza, or obedience, gives the two keys to the success of the Turks, as well as the axis of similarity and continuity between the Roman and Turkish empires. However, the "state", which is a divine blessing, was achieved through the obedience of the Turks to their chiefs and the military discipline used as an equivalent. In his introduction to Annali Turcheschi, which was first published in 1571 and contains a chronological breakdown of Turkish history as an appendix to the Historia Universale, Sansovino further clarifies this issue: I have always argued that the greatness and strength of the Turkish nation deserves great respect, because when looking at the army and civilian orders that have existed for a long time, it seems that they are not rude in their situation, but precious people. In terms of the army, I cannot see who of ours could be more disciplined than the Turks and closer to the Roman order. As the inheritors of the aforementioned Romans, they settle for little during the expedition, are very patient in hard work, obey their chiefs, follow the goals of conquest stubbornly, are masters of war tricks, and as a result carry out military affairs with such steadfastness that they do not give up any difficulty to win and dominate. As for the things of the peace order, they please their people with this form of absolute justice, by breaking all the tricks of the case that arise from the confused minds of the quarrelsome people and by quickly resolving the conflicts of others in their own interests. Therefore, a few years ago, I gathered what they had done in a fairly accurate book called The Universal History of the Origin and Empire of the Turks. My goal is for the world to learn the basis of their power by seeing and reading them, and therefore to find a cure to their unbridled chaos that advances like a steppe fire and will henceforth bring calamities to us and burn the last remnants of Christianity. At the same time, in this text published in the third year of a new Ottoman-Venetian war, the year of the Battle of Inebahti, Sansovino could not be expected to be a "Turkish friend"; And what could "Turkish friendship" mean in 16th century Venice? Sansovino is a Renaissance intellectual who believes only in the necessity of a good and correct recognition of his adversary, but when this effort for recognition reaches a level of admiration, this admiration was expressed openly even during the days when two nations fought on a frontier from the Dalmatian coast to Cyprus. is not an obstacle. Likewise, the Venetian sledgehammer Marcantonio Barbaro, who would spend most of his time as an ambassador in Istanbul, was sent to the senate upon his return to his hometown after the Ottoman-Venetian peace in 1573, which left Cyprus and a significant part of the Dalmatian coast to the Turks. He concludes in his report: Great prince and unique seers, since by God's will, the Ottoman emperor conquered so many provinces through constant victories, bound so many kingdoms to himself, and thus earned him a dreadful reputation all over the world, it would not be foolish to consider the possibility of his eventually reaching the universal kingdom. . The second edition of Historia Universale is published in 1564 and the third edition in 1568. Now it has become a classic about Turks and its effects are beginning to be seen. The French philosopher Jean Bodin, who published his The Method of History in 1566, handles the same theme: How can the ruler of Germany attempt to compete with the sultan of the Turks, and who can claim more absolute royal titles than this last? ... Indeed, if there is a power somewhere that can bear the name empire or a true absolute kingdom, that power is in the hands of the sultan ... It is best to consider the sultan of the Turks as the heir to the Roman Empire; Because, after capturing Byzantium, the capital of the empire, from the Christians, he conquered the Babylon region from the Persians and added the countries beyond the Danube to the Dniester river to the former provinces of Rome, and all these regions today constitute the largest part of the lands in his possession. The aim of the French writer, whose hometown is far from the Turkish danger and whose main enemy is the German emperor, is more political. The main benefit of declaring the Ottoman sultan as the heir of Rome, who had been the ally of France against Germany for thirty years, was to withhold that title, which was the basis of his power, from the German emperor. However, this behavior of the author is proof that the Ottoman state has been a part of European policy ever since. Taking advantage of the Ottoman-Venetian peace in 1573, Sansovino Historia Universale published the fourth edition and the second edition of Annali Turcheschi.
he thesis, which is widespread today and accepted by European scientists; The thesis is that the R1a subgroup is the 'common gene of the Indo-Europeans, and the R1b subgroup is the common gene of the Turks and other Central Asian peoples and Finn-Yuğra peoples. (1- Anatoly A. Kyosov, Journal of Russian Academy ogf DNA genelogy, 2010 vol. 3No 1 pp.3-58) However, the R gene is a single gene with all its haplogroups and is a 'Turkish gene'. The R1b subgroup is actually highly concentrated in Western Europe and moderately in Central Eurasia and Sub-Sharan in Central Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Asia and Central Asia. The R1b subgroup is 80% Irish, Scots and Welsh; 50-60 percent in Spaniards, Portuguese, French and English; 25-50% in Germans, Dutch, Danes and Norwegians; 25-40% in Italians; 25% in Sweden and Norway; 15% in the Balkan peoples; It is found 10-15% in Poles, 10% in Russians and Ukrainians, 10-15% in Anatolian Turks (25% in Black Sea and Eastern Anatolia regions and 15-25% in Kyrgyz. Rb1 ratios in Central Asian Turks and Fin-Yuğra peoples are very low or there is none. The Rb1 subgroup is quite high among Celtic, Germanic, and Latin peoples who have assimilated Proto-Turkic Peoples such as the Iberian and Aquit peoples in Spain and France, and Finns further north at a low level. This ratio is around 60-80% in the British and Irish islands, for example. In Scandinavian peoples who have heavily assimilated the Finnish peoples, the R1b rate is relatively low, such as 25%. Rb1 is as low as 10-15% in Slavic and Balkan peoples. For Russians, Ukrainians and Polish peoples, this rate is at a very low level, between 0-10%. In Hungarians, this rate is between 0-10%. This subgroup is also between 0-10% in Croats of European Avars origin and Bosnians of Pecheneg origin. R1a is a haplogroup with a high rate in Turks. R1a, 50-70% Central Asian Turks, 50-60% Russians, Ukrainians, Poles and Sorbs (Slavs in Germany), 50-60% Afghans, Pakistanis and North Indians, 20-60% Hungarians; 52% Ashkenazi Jews, 15-30% Scandinavian peoples, 30% Finns, Estlers, Lapps, Baltic people, 15-20% Italians and some areas in northern Spain (this includes the Basque region) 25-60% Dravidians, 10 percent -15% in Tibetans, 15-20% in North Chinese, 15-30% in Germans, 30-40% in Balkan peoples, 20-30% in Caucasian, Anatolian and Iranian peoples. The genetic compositions of today's Turkic peoples are quite different from each other and show a genetic unity. Anatolian Turks also have C, H, I, J, K, O, Q, T chromosomes besides R1a and lesser R1b. The highest gene among Turkic peoples is R Y-DNA. (R1a and R1b) Next comes J Y-DNA. J Y-DNA is a gene carried by Arabs and Semetic Jews, which emerged in the Arabian peninsula about 30,000 years ago, and is divided into 2 subgroups as J1 and J2. This rate is as low as 20% in Ashkenazi Jews of Turkish origin, and they got this gene by mixing with Semetic Jews. There are J2 subgroups at the rate of 10% and 20% among the Anatolian Turks. The genetic composition of Azerbaijan's Iranian Turks is similar to that of Anatolian Turks. In Turkmens in Turkmenistan, on the other hand, R1a is higher and J chromosome is lower than Anatolian and Azerbaijani Turks, while O and Q chromosomes are higher. Among the Turkic peoples in Central Asia, the highest rate of R1a is found in the Kyrgyz Turks with 70 percent. 50-60% of that. KazakhTurks, UygurTurks, and UzbekTurks, MongolTurks and TibetTurks, this rate is around 10-15%. All Central Asian peoples have C, I, J, K, O, Q chromosomes, but the J chromosome is very low in these peoples. However, C Chromosome is found at very high levels in KazakTurks, MogolTurks, KirgizTurks, UygurTurks and UzbekTurks. Other peoples carrying this chromosome are Tunguses, Koreans and Japanese. Tibetans also carry about 40% of the D chromosome. This chromosome is found in other Central Asian Peoples at very low rates. Another people who carry this chromosome at a high rate like the Tibetans are the Aynos, the oldest people of the Japanese islands. The issue that confuses European scientists is that the R1a subgroup is found in Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Pakistanis; It is very high in Afghans and north Indians. This is quite natural actually. The lands where these peoples live are the old lands where the Turks have established strong lands for centuries. If we look at the maps of these Turkish states, it can be easily seen that these maps overlap with the R1a maps. This is the only reason why these populations have high levels of R1a. The Turks living in these lands became new peoples by mixing with other peoples who did not migrate from these lands when their states were disintegrated. It is not known on what the European scientists base the thesis that the R1a subgroup is the common gene of 'Indo-Europeans' and the R1b group is the common gene of Turks and other Central Asian peoples and Finn-Ygra peoples (Fins, Estonians, Lapps), but it is found in Turkish and other Central Asian peoples and Phoenician peoples. the higher gene is not R1b, but the R1a subgroup. R1b is at very low levels. This 'strangeness' is explained by European scholars as 'the Turks carry a high rate of R1a because they assimilated the Iranian Peoples in Central Asia in the 4th and 11th centuries' (2 origins, age, spread and ethnic association of European Haplogroups and subclades) However, there is no record that the Turks erased the 'Central Asian Iranians' from history in the 4th and 11th centuries. If one can show records, evidence, etc., of course, it would be very appropriate. In addition, R1a is high not only in Turks, but also in Caucasian peoples living in the Caucasus and Dravidian peoples living in southern India. Also, if R1a is a Turkish gene, why is it 60-80% found in British, French, Spanish, and Celts? It must be Ahhuns (Sakalar, Kushans or Ak Sakalar) or Tagars (Tohars) that European scientists mean by Iranians in Central Asia. The Tağars established a powerful state in the present-day Shanxi and Kansu provinces of China between 300 BC and 20 BC. However, European historians claim that the Tagars were 'Indo-European'. No 'Indo-European' state was established in Central Asia, neither in 300 BC nor in the following centuries. There are no archaeological findings proving this. there are only dry claims. There was only a small number of people of Indian origin, who spread to present-day Southern Turkestan (Afghanistan and then to East Turkestan, and then melted down among the Uyghurs) around 500 AD. The descendants of this people are texts written in Brahmi script from the period between 500 AD and 700 AD. It is understood that they spoke an Indian language that has become extinct.European historians and archaeologists have found thousands of years old in central Asia. They claim that they were descended from 'Indo-European tohars' because their mummies were auburn-blonde and their clothing resembled those of the Celtic peoples. However, the People of Indian origin, whom they call the Tohars, are not brown-haired, but a dark people like today's Indians, and their migration date to Central Asia is very late. These mummies are from the Turks. In addition, it is natural that these oldest clothes of the Turks are seen in the Celts, an early Turkish people. It is not surprising that the Turks were brown-blonde before mixing with other peoples.
