Godzilla’s Nuclear Steam Breath | Because Science Footnotes 

who could explain lightning better than Thor himself? -skinny- Normal Thor

not being fat doesn't make you skinny.

Would the fat make him more, or less conductive?

@@seanguthrie9571 more conductive. fat has less resistance than muscle so his overall resistance went down assuming he lost no muscle mass. Okay, just made that up. Let's find out. *googles* nope, wrong. muscle is more conductive, which is how ATP works to begin with. WHOA totally made that up too. Seriously googling now. *googles* okay, can't find the simple answer quickly enough. I think I found the complex answer, but it had to do with potassium levels, the fact that blood in general is a very good conductor and that at a macro level the body is just equally conductive regardless. It's more of a matter of area and volume, it seems. Thus larger would be more conductive. Science seems to just say "the bigger the better" at conducting electricity. Path of least resistance, and a human body has less resistance than air. So Dad-bod Thor is more conductive but probably not by enough to be noteworthy.

@@willbryant3451 you would know.

I mean that is technical

Yeah T rex mass is to vague

That's not vague- a recent study estimates T. rex to be somewhere around 9 metric tons. That fairly specific.

nope!

What's really interesting about that is it uses melanin in an analogous way to photosynthesis. Also I think this was once brought up to argue that Superman should have more melanin.

@@morrigannibairseach1211 A black superman? The world needs this but isn't ready for our sun ready saviour.

Pyotr Makhno Superman doesn’t get sunburned. I think we should stop to superimpose human understanding on alien physiology. Superman was born on planet with 800x the gravity of Earth. He also has the ability to drain nearby life force. In a alternate universe in DC multiverse there already exist a black Superman, he’s also the USA president. It’s been done. Can be seen in Final Crisis comic book.

There's already a black superman in the comics lol

Hulk-shrooms?

Except if you are a developer. No one wants to spend their life fixing the resulting bugs.

@@NelielSugiura I try to live by this quote: "Push through the pain. Giving up hurts more." -Vegeta, Prince of All Three Saiyans

@@NelielSugiura except Bethesda, because the modders will do that for them.

I was expecting a min/max gaming joke, but I'm still happy.

@@NelielSugiura the bugs are what makes skyrim great. Who needs to fix them?

So when he emerges from the sea and fires his atomic breath upwards, Godzilla just doomed some continent?

@@dressiknights I mean, he dooms basically everywhere he fights. He's extremely radioactive, his flesh and blood would also be, and his attacks are basically reactor meltdowns in a direction. Godzilla was created as a nuclear bomb analogue. In fact, I'm pretty sure the last Japan-only Gojira movie (I had to torrent it, and scrounge up subs) covers all this better than any other movie in the franchise (while being weirder, and actually involving humans in a way that made more sense than just set dressing, or as characters more important than Gojira).

@@dressiknights Water is insanely good at dispersing radiation. Also apparently in the new movies the radiation released by these Titans causes rapid cellular growth in plants and nature. Las Vegas and San Francisco became lush and full of life after the kaiju attacked.

It's a Chernobyl cannon

@Frank A I believe you're right. Well, it'd be Shin Gojira, or New Godzilla, if we're trying not to mix languages.

You forgot the ~

@@anevilrotisserie9136 Hehe.

Except idiots wont get it and cry fake science and the earths flat.

Quantum mechanics is the clickbait of science

@Jackson Cross It would still work if later iterations didn't change it in to being a pure beam radiation, although I always saw it the way it was portrayed in Shin Godzilla, him shooting out a concentrated beam of radioactive plasma.

That's shockingly canon.

THANK YOU SIR!!!!

Lift this comment to the top.

CareerKnight - Except Mothra clearly doesn't flap her wings like a bumblebee does, because she's clearly not a giant bumblebee & doesn't have wings anything like that of a bumblebee. Also, the speed of a bumblebee's wing flapping *does* attribute to why they can fly, along with the scooping motion you stated. It's not 1 or the other, it's both. If it was just the scooping motion, then bumblebees wouldn't flap their wings as fast as they do now would they?

Doesn't bumblebees fly in a similar pattern as a hummingbird? Isn't that why it's able to move in all directions?

Also because the size of muscle compared to its body is massively different from other flyers...

YES

More like a helicopter than a plane

Yeah anything who thinks bees shouldn't be able to fly will flip when they hear about helicopters.

Helicopters don't fly, they beat the air into submission.

@Majin Gojira I think there's a maximum size/weight limit to bee-like flight. Bees and insects even in the ancient past didn't get bigger than a meganura. Hummingbirds fly in an almost bee-like fasion but not quite. I think the amount of calories it would take to fly like a bee for something the weight of a bald eagle would be far too much for any animal of that size. It works for bees and insects because their weight is so small by comparison.

Thank you😁

Steam punk Mechagodzilla? WRITING IT NOW!!!!!

So the breth is suppose to be a sort of plasma, so fallowing the same logic it may be that some of the hydrogen in the water is getting plasma hot.

I do believe that is the cannon explanation.

Its not quite cherenkov radiation. The only time you'll see that is in a dense environment like water for example. However you will see the ionized air glow which is still blue but its not cherenkov radiation. Unless his breath is more of a water jet (steam jet) which the charged particles are traveling through which would then give off a cherenkov radiation.

No ionized radiation not cherenkov radiation. There’s a reason we never see him use his breathe underwater. That’s to show us it’s ionizing radiation.

Scoop, dam it!

Yeah, the humor doesn't feel organic for her. It's clinical and forced. Because Space shouldn't be Because Science with someone else trying to deliver the same show. Dr. M needs to deliver her material her way.

DING DING DING! We have a winner! Good point, Matthew, and absolutely correct. Just take a look at aircraft. On a day when the air is warmer than standard, it's *less dense* and *performance DECREASES* because it produces *less lift.* Another thing that affects performance is humidity. A molecule of water weighs less than the nitrogen and oxygen molecules that make up (most) of the rest of the air (remember, Earth's air is about 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and 1% other gases). So, when you have more water vapor in the air, the air has less mass, which means it's less dense, which means performance decreases... And obviously, altitude is important. The higher your altitude, the thinner the air is, which means that the higher you go the *less dense* the air becomes, reducing performance. Ever wonder why the runways at the Denver airport are 12,000 to 16,000 feet long? *That's why.* Because the air is less dense, it takes more room for the aircraft to gain enough speed to produce enough lift to get off the ground. (At sea level, a runway only needs to be about 8,000 feet long.) Every pilot knows that more air mass flowing over your wing allows you to generate more lift, and more oxygen mass in your cylinder allows you to burn more fuel - meaning more power. Increasing air density increases your engine, propeller and wing's performance. Decreasing air density decreases performance. While flying animals don't have cylinders, increased air density would still increase their wing performance. They also have a biological internal combustion engine, called _mitochondria,_ that requires oxygen and fuel (in the form of food). The food gets converted into sugars like glucose. The mitochondria use that oxygen and glucose as part of the process for creating ATP, which your cells use for energy. So the lower the air density is, the less oxygen they can take in with each breath, which means less glucose gets converted into ATP, which reduces muscle performance... TL;DR: You're right. If the air was less dense, it would make flying *harder,* not easier.

That was my initial thought as well. Compare wing sizes needed for flight on Mars vs Jupiter 👍😊

I think the origin of the error in the commentor referenced in the episode is that they heard certain insects like dragonflies used to be HUGE and assumed all flying creatures were bigger back then. Foot-wide dragonflies were possible due to the chemical composition of the atmosphere (higher % of the air was oxygen), not the density of the air, which they conflated to mean the same thing. Higher oxygen content means things without lungs, like insects, can still get oxygen to their cells if their body sizes are scaled up relative to today's creatures.

Made that same joke, scrolled down and realised you got there first. Respect

@@pauldevine3295 Well... ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

"The ant, sir, might shock you."

@@wizrad2099 Quite right, ser Wiz. *tips hat* 'Tis an electric ant.

Should have been, "The ant-swer might brighten your day!"

Most of Moria was carved out of existing stone, was it not? I would think that so long as the rock is sufficiently free of fissures and cracks, most of those structures and spaces could exist. You don't have to worry about lintels being strong enough, or how to hoist blocks into place, you only need to worry about excavating a void

Closest thing in real life that's somewhat similar, is probably this: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_Outer_Underground_Discharge_Channel look at the people in the photo, place is huge, its designed to capture floodwater to prevent flooding, I'm not sure it's Moria big, but it's biiiiiig Could bigger be built? Probably

Gonna nitpick: Moria and Khazad-Dum are the same place, just one is the Elven name and one is the Dwarvish name. It's probably possible to build a similar structure but it wouldn't be hospitable in the slightest and I imagine lighting the place would be a freakin' nightmare on energy consumption...

Sure. Omaewa mou is measured in Tah and Wah units. Different Shindeirus result from differing Tah counts. The most basic one is 14 Tah and one Wah, as demostrated professor emeritus of Hokuto Shinken studies, Kenshiro: “Tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah-tah WAH-TAH!”

Wind power from a storm wouldn't provide the kind of help he needs. He can fly because film logic. It's that simple.

@@kyeronelma4835 "movie logic" or "game logic" is really almost always the answer it's just fun to speculate alternative ideas.

@@kyeronelma4835 logic is just a program.

The both of you are a bit off the mark. Remember, Ghidorah is from space, and has always had the ability to kinda manipulate gravity, amongst other powers that he may have such as his graviton beams. This could mean that yes, he could produce storms in some way with these powers, but he probably doesn't have power over storms themselves

Okay it was a Japanese explanation like I just mentioned before. Godzilla was actually an energy life-form evolved created when nuclear energy bonded to the shape and form of a dead dinosaur. This Energy life form creates a body for itself thinking it's a live. The energy life-form is essentially the energy from an atomic bomb Nuclear Elemental if you like.. he creates a body for himself a flesh-and-blood because that's what he remembers having but his real form is that breath. He's a creature of pure energy nuclear plasma. Not really part of this universe. But I only ever saw the explanation once and I thought it was really good.

Me: pronouncing it in russian which appears to be right (kind of)

Ik this is a joke but King Ghidorah resembles a three headed Wyvern though

Flappy boi...

I think it's better to get a silent o (GI-do-RAH) "King Gid.rah" rolls out of the tongue easier than "Kin gidora" (giDOHra) (FYI, I wrote as we speak, so the G.s in kinG Gidorah sometimes merge for example)

Person 3:GHID-rah Person 4: GUY-drah Me: FUCK GHIDORAH I WANT GOROSAURUS

Navy blue.

@@GundamFranxx

Yeah, I talk to fair number of creationists and they dint use the analogy to make the case that bees defy nature, or they fly on magic or something... it's just used as a cautionary tale of being too reductionistic in scientific explanations. I personally used to run into this problem with my teachers in physics as a kid. They'd always present certain basic concepts like calculating falling objects or trajectories and then say just do formula x and you'll get an accurate answer.... SCIENCE! Except that's not true. They were ignoring differences in density vs drag, temperature, all kinds of factors that are actually used when applying physics to these kinds of real phenomena. The Bee anecdote isn't saying bees can't fly, bees obvious fly, it's saying "this guy said it should work... but it works, thus guy was wrong, don't be like this guy". It's not a God of a gaps it's a call to fill in th e gaps by not being reductionistic. The creationists just think that the more you know they'll be vindicated eventually. That's their perspective. You might say their conclusions are wrong, but the use of the anecdote isn't an appeal to magic by them. It's saying "this shouldn't work assuming x, so don't assume x, look for hypothetical y, z, a, b, c".

And toho later standardized the pronunciation of Ghidorah

YOOO I JUST WATCHED THE BUMBLEBEE MISEDUCATION PART AND I STAND BY MY COMMENT EVEN MORE NOW

That would make godzilla, gojira pick a side

"I don't know Japanese...." [cites an English dub of the first appearance]

You are wrong! go watch dman1954s video on this very subject!

@@scifiexplained I'm a Godzilla fan so where do you think I got this information from? It was from a Dman video. Weird that you would reference the person who I got this information from. But I'm guessing you didn't know I was also a Gman fan so you might have assumed that I haven't already seen his video on it. But I have and that's exactly where I got this pronunciation from.

@Ace_09 thanks ace_09!

What do you think nuclear is?

"Mothra, I'm trying to level Osaka, but I'm dummy thicc and the sheer size of my body won't let me move anywhere"

Wouldn't that also make them easier to injure though if the materials are still comparable to what we see in nature?

Nah, more like an atomic bomb

You should look up "The Elephants Foot" from Chernobyl. Looks like an atomic deuce, for sure.

@@seanguthrie9571 i wonder how it would affect godzilla if he ate it

"Perfection" can only be achieved for a moment; everything else is before it is a build-up to that "perfect state", and everything else after is decadence from that "perfect state".

@@daikansanchez7674 uh...yes and no. The problem is the metric for what is "perfect" changes from moment to moment and it largely depends on the circumstances regarding that state. I don't think everything decays from a state of perfection, but I do think the goalpost for perfection shifts constantly and it's highly subjective. Could the bumblebee have evolved better aerodynamic flying methods? Yes, but it would come at a cost for other things like body shape and thus affect what kinds of flowers it could pollinate. And what an organism needs to be "perfect" changes wildly depending on perspective so the argument becomes beyond ridiculous. "Bees would be perfect if only they didn't sting me" or "Bees would be perfect if they didn't sport that hideous black and yellow stripe pattern and instead had a more aesthetically pleasing selection of colors" or "Cockroaches could benefit from looking more like puppies and less creepy crawly." Perfection is a meaningless word and an attempt to put a period where no such thing exists.

The San Diego Padres would disagree.

As an atheist, I agree with you. He came across as quite a bit more hostile than he needed to be to make his point. It was an odd mood shift.

But from a physics perspective, with better cameras able to see the exact motion of a bee's wings, it SHOULD be able to fly. We know exactly how bees work. Bees are real, they are not magic.

they might be efficient however if you look at helicopter style blades for flight you will see that a larger blade is more efficient than a smaller one.