Growing "Mini-Brains" in a Lab: Human Brain Organoids

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Introduction to human cerebral organoids, also known as brain organoids or "mini-brains". What are they?
Note: The first line of this video was removed, "Scientists are growing tiny brains", because it may be misleading. Organoids are not real brains, "tiny" or otherwise. The term "mini-brain" has been criticized for implying human characteristics. This channel strives for objectivity, clarity, and accuracy much of the time, so difficult editorial decisions must be made.
Support the channel: / ihmcurious
Twitter: / ihmcurious
Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:43 Growing Organoids
2:57 Minibrains in Science & Medicine
4:46 Giving Minibrains Psychedelics
5:26 Minibrains With Eyes
6:30 Can Minibrains Feel?
7:22 Looking For Consciousness
9:03 The Future of Minibrain Research
10:47 Human Minibrains Grafted Onto Mice
12:10 What's Next?
Music
Destiny Day by Kevin MacLeod
creativecommons.org/licenses/...
incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
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Academic Articles
Velasco et al., 2019, Nature: Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Linkous & Fine, 2020, STAR Protocols: Generating Patient-Derived Gliomas within Cerebral Organoids www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Linkous et al., 2019, Cell Reports: Modeling Patient-Derived Glioblastoma with Cerebral Organoids doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019...
Farahany et al., 2018, Nature: The ethics of experimenting with human brain tissue
law.stanford.edu/wp-content/u...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Di Lullo & Kriegstein, 2017, Nature Reviews Neuroscience: The use of brain organoids to investigate neural development and disease www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Aguilera-Castrejon et al., 2021, Nature: Ex utero mouse embryogenesis from pre-gastrulation to late organogenesis www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
Gabriel et al., 2021, Cell Stem Cell: Human brain organoids assemble functionally integrated bilateral optic vesicles www.biorxiv.org/content/10.11...
Trujillo et al., 2019, Cell Stem Cell: Complex Oscillatory Waves Emerging from Cortical Organoids Model Early Human Brain Network Development doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2019.0...
Cho et al., 2021, Nature Communications: Microfluidic device with brain extracellular matrix promotes structural and functional maturation of human brain organoids www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Lancaster & Knoblich, 2014, Nature Protocols: Generation of Cerebral Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Clevers, 2016, Cell: Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.0...
van der Valk et al., 2021, Cell Death & Differentiation: Building inner ears: recent advances and future challenges for in vitro organoid systems www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Lancaster et al., 2013, Nature: Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Quadrato et al., 2017, Nature: Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Armin & Pasca, 2018, Neuron: Building Models of Brain Disorders with Three-Dimensional Organoids doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018...
Qian et al., 2018, Nature Protocols: Generation of human brain region-specific organoids using a miniaturized spinning bioreactor www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Dong et al., 2020, Molecular Psychiatry: Human cerebral organoids establish subcortical projections in the mouse brain after transplantation www.nature.com/articles/s4138...
Samarasinghe et al., 2021, Nature Neuroscience: Identification of neural oscillations and epileptiform changes in human brain organoids www.biorxiv.org/content/10.11...
Nature Biotechnology, 2021: Green funds for lab-made breast milk www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
Most other papers can be found for free on PubMed using the citations in the video. For further information, I can be reached at ihmcurious@gmail.com
Other
NASA grows organoids in space: www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/st...

Опубликовано:

16 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 241

@ghostagent3552 Год назад

watching this video is like watching the beginning of a scifi movie and will be followed by some conscious tumors invasion

@ihmcurious Год назад

lol sounds kinda cute

@ghostagent3552 Год назад

@@ihmcurious is it really cute if it's more like the THING or something along the lines of flesh monsters from Gemini Home Entertainment?

@ihmcurious Год назад

I was picturing little meatwads from aqua teen hunger force. Maybe the alternatives aren't so cute...

@dogchaser520 Год назад

Thanks for taking the time to break down the research for non-specialists. This stuff is pretty challenging to synthesize all together. Really enjoying what you've put out so far.

@Anaesify Год назад

I just stumbled upon you as a creator and you are DELIGHTFUL! I love your deadpan joke delivery and the facts and info in your vids are top notch

@nicandkiritos22 18 дней назад

Agreed, jokes delightful,and interesting facts. But I have to say I had a pet rat,...he already had fear response and voice recognition and all those natural things, but placing a mini brain in side would only lead to unnatural " crazy " behavior, and a rejection of the intruder cells. Whatever photoreceptors genes I have make me grimace at light and develope skin cancer, it is suffering , and I can't condone that.

@Ossian-dr1vr Год назад

Wait I just checked and somehow you only have 1650 subscriber!? I thought this channel for sure had AT LEAST 500 000 because of the cheer video quality and interesting subject. Why youtube doesn't recommend this to more people really is beyond me. Good luck man and keep it up!

@andrewthorpe3377 Год назад

He's at 6.27k now. The channel only has 7 videos. I'm sure it will continue growing as he makes more.

@acsilver2777 Год назад

@@andrewthorpe3377 6.4 now looks like the algorithm is doing its job for once. So glad I found this channel

@deweytann Год назад

8.9k now it's growing like a Organoid!

@andreas7812 2 года назад

This is very interesting and your videos holds very good quality. I hope this channel will grow because it deserves it. 😀

@byebisontv 2 года назад

I agree!

@Gounesh Год назад

How come this videos not discovered?! This is awesome!

@Quazex Год назад

I'm usually more into cybernetics but this stuff is cool as hell. Awesome that we're able to do this.

@subspanner Год назад

@Invisibility Lock That's what I thought, along with the possibility to replace parts of our brain or even advance them.

@tehdawson Год назад

@@Invisibilitylock I think it will be in our lifetimes.

@BettersonMcgee Год назад

Glad i found this channel! Exactly the kind of stuff i love! You present the info very well without compromising on the information. Love it!

@llammapajama4824 Год назад

Cool videos. Glad I got recommended them. Definitely subbed

@ryansmith4213 Год назад

Great video! I hope all these recent comments means you caught the algorithm, because this is really entertaining and informative!

@proxicat123 Год назад

This channel is the perfect mixture of humour and science bro, love it

@dogwithsocks Год назад

RU-vid did something right this time. I’ve always wondered about this topic. You got me dude!

@KickCaesar Год назад

man, I'm happy I got this channel recommended this is the type of research I like!!

@radiofrog Год назад

What an incredibly interesting and terrifying concept. I’m surprised you don’t have more subscribers, this is really high quality stuff. Great work!

@vaneplane Год назад

I love how your videos are funny and easy to understand, keep up the great work!

@adram3lech Год назад

Hey man happy to find your channel! Can't believe I've never heard of any of this

@ibowman_UCLA_BRAIN Год назад

You have an incredible ability to distill the most relevant neurobio/neurology/neurowhatever (also bioengineering) topics into a concise and interesting presentation. Please keep it up.

@just1it1moko Год назад

Imagine a future where you could just get a new organ transplant. Either growing them or replacing them with synthetic organs I'm 100% convinced it'll become commonplace in my lifetime. I know temporary organs exist right now a friend of mine lived 2 months with a synthetic heart which was the size of a small cupboard next to his hospital bed. And some things like heartvalves are already being made in labs to replace those that show dysfunction. Just imagine. you start getting older your organs start to get worse and worse and you just get a new one in increasing your life expectancy by years! at that point I think the brain is gonna be the toughest nut to crack and I don't see us being able to heal/replace them partially or fully. Also that would just create the philosophical debate of the "brain of Theseus".

@ekeredtv Год назад

Your deadpan humour is really well delivered.

@oxlip Год назад

This channel is so good bro you deserve way more subscribers than you have

@metamind095 Год назад

You really digged deep here. From IPS cell reprogramming, lab cultured meat, disease modifying aspects of custom brain organoids, plasticity change with plastinogens also analogies you presented here like snow-flake structure change of organoids, larger coneectivity status hinting to higher "consiousness" etc. all neatly wrapped with some philosophical explorations and ofc your on-point humour just keeps me engaged in the topic. Hardly have seen anything quite like it with that amount of papers linked (LOVE THIS ASPECT!) in an easy to consume presentation. I really hope you stick to this formular and dont kneel in to youtubes quantity over quality algorithm (at least thats what it feels for me). Patreoned btw.

@Luchoedge Год назад

People fucking around with human neurons and mice should really watch a particular episode of full metal alchemist. Just saying...

@localwan Год назад

very engaging and high quality video.

@CanineWolf Год назад

Wow, very good quality content!!!

@sexymeal2427 Год назад

This channel goes over such dope studies

@quintennobbe Год назад

This is amazing!!! I love your content! wow this guys needs more subs

@quintennobbe Год назад

you have my sub and like and share

@INHIAF 2 года назад

Damn this editing next level🔥🔥

@kaorudragneel8498 2 года назад

That's terrifying I love it but has some place for good

@amitvashishtha8713 Год назад

Every line is just a wow!! 😮

@anthonymetcalf660 Год назад

Fantastic presentation, jokes on point and highly informative an insightful

@prakamyakhare7505 Год назад

This channel is a gem :).

@RobotischeHilfe Год назад

U got my sub, great channel very Interesting and very entertaining easy to understand. Please keep that quality

@amitvashishtha8713 Год назад

Very deep knowledge 🙏👏... Please upload regular content.. U should be a success youtuber... ❤

@LukeRiedler 10 месяцев назад

Wow, a good video; it’s been awhile.

@izenlonghurst4589 Год назад

Fantastic video, can't wait to see your video on psychedelics in medicine

@weeferooni Год назад

to all the brains out there in test tubes wondering why the fuck its so dark all of the time and why youre so bored: i just want you to know i feel you.

@Sunneyred Год назад

Funny asf and informal, earned my sub!

@Premo-412 4 месяца назад

This vid is awesome man!

@fasaipuengudom5412 Год назад

New sub. 🎉 Watched til the end. Twice. Thank for creating great contents.

@mortyrickerson6322 Год назад

Sorry for blowing up your inbox 😅 just binging your vids. Gotta leave a comment for the algorithm Gods. Cheers

@chrisgraham2123 18 дней назад

Good content, subbed brother

@Sxzye Год назад

Leaving this comment for the algorithm, this content is definitely deserving of millions of views

@bnichoo 11 месяцев назад

It only took me a couple minutes to subscribe to the channel, incredible stuffs all over

@cadechristopher6456 Год назад

I love this channel. 👍

@khade12345 Год назад

This is so good

@maxpowers802 Год назад

they should try putting human brain tissue in an animal that can talk, like a parrot. That way it could tell us what it's like.

@maneki360nekodude5 Год назад

Add some human vocal cords as well while we are at it .

@20ZZ20 Год назад

parrots don't really talk in that way, and don't use language the same as a human although they mimic

@maxpowers802 Год назад

@@20ZZ20 Only because they don't have enough human brain tissue

@Faunarr Год назад

parrots are a terrible idea. Because they don't process language in the same way we do and said sounds to them are essentially just things they could mimic and attract mates with. If you really want to go that route how about corvids? corvids are much more intelligent and have the capability of learning a language to a limited extent and can communicate with it to a limited extent. a corvid such as a crow or raven would be far more suitable for your idea.

@20ZZ20 Год назад

@@maxpowers802 not really.... parrots replicate human voices the same way in the wild they try to replicate other sounds, they won't suddenly understand grammar etc. and start speaking procedurally with some extra brain

@dkt5679 Месяц назад

Great video! Subscribed :)

@ctoasa 11 месяцев назад

Wao que increíble. Gracias por la información.

@daevastafford Год назад

... 💀 This channel is so underrated... Wtf, this is my new favourite place bruh 😭✋

@lexflow2319 Год назад

Dope channel

@BeyondBorders00 6 месяцев назад

I would love to hear more about brain organoids and in vitro neurons used for calculation. For example, Dishbrain from Cortical Labs in Australia. There are a number of university research groups also using neurons either in organoid form or in vitro to perform calculations and solve problems. Please cover this topic

@boratbruno4947 Год назад

How doesn’t this have millions of views?

@saijeetdogra9360 5 месяцев назад

"The authors were disappointed that they started dying after 60 days" Poor authors rip 🙏

@damianbouras Год назад

I don't see conciousness as a nescesity for this to be imhumane. who's to say we don't excedentally create a minibrain that's just 99 percent suffering. considering most emotions, especially primal ones like fear or pain, are primarily processed by relatively small parts of the brain, it's not really that far fetched to think that one of these things might just excedentally be isolated human fear. I think that's maybe even worse than consciousness.

@Usakumi Год назад

nice vid

@gemerpyros Год назад

wow wtf this video is amazing. I had to share it

@ginger_jake Год назад

Had to pause half way through this vid to subscribe and comment ok omw back to learning about mini eyes on a dish brain wish me luck weeew

@matasvitkauskas7541 Год назад

amazing

@johnr3936 Год назад

You are genuinely hilarious!

@The_Carmine 11 месяцев назад

paved with good intentions.

@FullbringerQuincyGlazeGod Год назад

Man i cant wait for the medical science advancements this will bring with the help of a few brilliant minds.

@facelessdrone 11 месяцев назад

For those wondering what the image flashed at 7:38 says, it says "It's not subliminal if you read it!"

@tristanmisja Год назад

I saw that subliminal message! Great video, you deserve way more than 2k subs.

@unikracoon1913 Год назад

What was typed out. I didn't bother pausing haha

@tristanmisja Год назад

@@unikracoon1913 "It's not subliminal if you read it"

@unikracoon1913 Год назад

@@tristanmisja thx haha

@whatisthis839 Год назад

This channel has tons of potential, apparently the algorithm agrees. Awesome video. Actually funny host. Interesting subject. Profound philosophical questions. Existential dread. Excellent.

@VEVOJavier 8 месяцев назад

Please make more videos!

@Bigzthegreat Год назад

so interesting

@PedanticNo1 Год назад

I have engaged, and am therefore become the engagement.

@MrCrunch808 Год назад

Ah, the beginnings of man-made horrors fully within my comprehension.

@LukeRiedler 10 месяцев назад

Would love this for my non profit college for vets.

@XcaliburZeRo Год назад

This is amazing, everyone.. but isn't there a slight dystopian hint to all of this at the same time? What a time to be alive. They even dosed those mini-brains with 5-MeO-DMT... interesting.

@MrCrunch808 Год назад

If this tech gets advanced enough that it becomes possible to send data and have it process that data and coherently output what we want, I wouldn't be surprised if some companies decide to create consciousnesses that think and feel and then enslave them without a care in the world to power their AI (which is really just a bunch of people at that point.).

@masonjohn4433 Год назад

This guy is hilarious!

@pepeshackleford4577 Год назад

Expected this video to have at least a million views. I'm so confused

@DavyManners 4 дня назад

Hey look, more horrors beyond my comprehension! How long til my phone has a brain in it, silently screaming in terror in the dark as I watch vids of cats falling off counters

@JoBot__ Год назад

This is awesome and horrifying at the same time. I love it. 😃

@wormius51 Год назад

"It's not subliminal if you read it!" Dam it took me long to capture that.

@Neon-ws8er Год назад

wouldn’t it be cool to grow a baby brain and have it control your toaster for you

@jaykay639 Год назад

GO BIG MODE

@lamaman5080 Год назад

from what i Think of science can't go too Far since it's a Process of Discovery, it's how you use that Discorvery

@BladeTrain3r Год назад

Pinky and the Brain may be less fictional than we thought soon enough...

@tuckersabath2099 Год назад

Of all the places that brain cells could grow, where most of us find ourselves isnt that bad.

@tuckersabath2099 Год назад

... and 11:50 was obviously dark humor, right?

@Charvak-Atheist Год назад

Ohh my god, what if I am one of those brain growing on petridish.

@smellthel Год назад

I swear I probably had fever dreams about this

@TheRealityWarper08 Год назад

This is horrifying... Give me more...

@khmf1 10 месяцев назад

07:37 saw that .. wow

@martinwinther6013 Год назад

algo-jazz, cus YT. and this channel needs 7.6m subscribers. yesterday

@khmf1 10 месяцев назад

13:04 Lol Mouse overloards lol.. right on

@3mi3mi 10 месяцев назад

One thing I’m hopeful for out of all of this, is that Alzheimer’s disease might be eradicated within this century; just grow some more neurons and plant them in the brain. I’ve heard about research with stem cells being grown with the purpose of healing hearing loss, so tinnitus and partial deafness may be something of the past as well.

@sisisisi1111 Год назад

"and probably start listening to Billie Eilish"...that caught me off guard lol

@bartlomiejkowalczyk4673 Год назад

8:07 lol its pentagram

@ZER0x1337 Год назад

ok guys i think we are flying a littttleeee too close to the sun rn.

@MatiEP09 Год назад

Ok so basically in some time we will have cores from portal 2

@f-149 Год назад

everybody gangsta till the mouse starts saying its name is john

@ToastFrogy Год назад

Yooooo Brain DLC just dropped

@anandanil8158 Год назад

ok so when will we get cat girls

@soberman1520 7 месяцев назад

Probably Sooner than we expected

@ThankyouDeer029 Год назад

do you think it would be possible to create an organoid that you could put into your brain that allows you to control every single part of your body even the itty bitty parts like cells?

@iaimboti Год назад

Maybe, depends on how much the brain controls, but I assume that would be a really bad idea unless you really knew what you were doing.

@David-fi9yu Год назад

You could probably teach it language through its eyes if it does grow some, but to be honest that would take a long time and also would be very very hard to do.