Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, has a rich and complex history marked by various periods of cultural and political development. The region has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with early settlers dating back around 11,000 years. These early inhabitants used stone and fossilized-wood tools indicative of a Paleolithic culture. The first known civilization in Myanmar was established by the Pyu people between the 1st century BCE and the 9th century CE. They created city-states such as Binnaka and Shri Kshetra, which became important centers for trade between China and India. The Pyu culture was notable for its Buddhist influence, which played a significant role in shaping the region's spiritual and cultural landscape. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the Irrawaddy valley and founded the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s. Under the Pagan Kingdom, Theravada Buddhism became the dominant religion and had a lasting impact on Burmese culture and society. The kingdom thrived until the late 13th century when it fell to the Mongol invasions.Following the fall of Pagan, the country saw a period of fragmentation until it was reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty in the 16th century. This dynasty expanded Myanmar's territory significantly, creating one of the largest empires in Southeast Asia during its peak. The Konbaung Dynasty, which followed, further consolidated power until Myanmar was colonized by the British after three Anglo-Burmese wars in the 19th century. Myanmar gained independence from British colonial rule on January 4, 1948, but its post-independence history has been tumultuous. A military coup in 1962 led to a prolonged period of military dictatorship. In 1988, nationwide protests, known as the 8888 Uprising, demanded democratic reforms, but the military retained control despite nominally transitioning to a multi-party system. In recent years, the country has continued to experience political instability, including another military coup in February 2021, which has drawn widespread international condemnation and led to ongoing conflicts and civil unrest.
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Prime Minister:
1.U Nu
(1948-1956, 1957-1958, 1960-1962)
2.Ba Swe
(1956-1957)
3.Ne Win
(1958-1960, 1962-1974)
4.Sein Win (1974-1977)
5.Maung Maung Kha (1977-1988)
6.Tun Tin (1988)
7.Saw Maung (1988-1992)
8.Than Shwe (1992-2003)
9.Khin Nyunt (2003-2004)
10.Soe Win
(2004-2007)
11.Thein Sein (2007-2011)
12.Min Aung Hlaing
(2011-2016, since 2021)
13.Aung San Suu Kyi
(2016-2021)
1 окт 2024
