Languages of Europe 

it's amazing that speakers of it still exist somewhere

@@Elekem the numbers are increasing. It currently stands at around 899,000 people in Wales who are either fully fluent or can understand the basics of the language. That’s around 30% of the population. Apparently there’s 110,000 in England. Probably mostly people who left Wales. Either way, the language more than just exists. It’s thriving.

@@welshed This is good news =)

I live in cornwall and I want the same but nobody seems to care about Cornish or the Cornish culture

Primitive language. Embrase latin and civilization. (Just a joke,)

Well, the uralic languages have yet to be conclusively shown to be related to indo-European, so really you should be comparing finnish to magyar or one of the more eastern languages

Brodie Finnish is Uralic

wasnt there a proto lappish language?

The word of water in the saamik for example

But it isn't related to baltic substrate

According to the father of history Herodotus: "The Thracians are the most numerous people after the Indians". So it is not a surprise. The Thracians existed even in today's Turkey, the Trojans were most likely Thracians or proto Thracians and were helped in the Trojan War by other Thracian tribes. But the Thracian language disappeared, today there are only some words preserved in Romanian , Albanian , Serbian language .

@@Claude-ut2oe Why are you so sure the thracian is extinct???

​@@Claude-ut2oe When Herotodus wrote that the Daco-Thracian language was already extinct from the Pontic steppe lol

I wasnt.

If WW1 didn't happend, only eastern and southern slaves would remain today. Poles and czechs would became Germans.

I think it is quite inaccurate regarding slavic languages at least when it comes to central europe. I doubt e.g. Silesia was ever mainly germanic. Mainby within upper class, but majority of people? I dont think so. And there are more regions similar. I think it is inaccurate regarding slavic laguages after middle ages.

Dont mistake Ukrainians as Slavs. They are khazars not slavs

@@Yahoo99123 that is same as when you say - Dont mistake Poles as Slavs, they are germans. Same bullshit.

damn slavs not the ukrainians tho they're cool

That's a cool fact

Thats been discussed and there's no clear evidence about it, neither of the opposite. A lot of people has criticised the theory of the ''euskalduntze berandua''

The Valley of Aran in Catalonia is supposed yo tske its name after the word in basque for valley (haran), so maybe more. Even un Toulouse you can find place with basque influence

Isn't Basque very similar to "brithonic" that was spoken by the Britons ?

@@lightfootpathfinder8218 I believe it's like Etruscan a non indo european language. So it's not celtic as far as I know

@@arthurreede4478 Oh right but Etruscan and Brithonic share the same alphabet which has lead some people to believe the Ancient Britons weren't Celts at all just as the Etruscan weren't.

Thank you very much

No. I would say the Indo European spread video was. This one just has too many theoretical implications or oversimplification in terms of the substrates shown when Indo European ones are so detailed.

The unknowns should rather be left unknown unless they are known all of a sudden.

Thank you very much

Welsh is going from strength to strength. The other Celtic languages on the other hand, are in trouble.

That is because of the Germanisation and Romanisation of Western Europe.

@@welshed I happen to be an American who happens to have an Irish dictionary so I might learn the language. I do know what Erin go bragh means being Ireland forever. I also understand Oro Se Do Bheatha Bhaile meaning oro-welcome home.I also understand Gaelidge is the name for the Irish language in Irish.I know the word Eire translates to angry so Ireland's name in Irish translates to Angryland. In Welsh I understand Cymru am byth means being Wales forever. Well I also did one of those DNA test but only to find out my ethnic blood. Here is my result being 100% European in terms of race. English/Irish/Scottish 63.5% Irish regions my blood is closest to:County Cork,County Dublin,County Kerry,County Mayo,County Galway,County Waterford,County Donegal,County Clare,County Limerick,County Sligo,Belfast. English regions my bloodline is closest to:Greater London,Greater Manchester,Merseyside,West Yorkshire,West Midlands,Tyne and Wear,Lancashire,South Yorkshire. Scottish regions my bloodline is closest to:Glasgow. French and German 20.4% German regions my bloodline is closest to:Hessen,Rhineland Palatinate,Canton of Bern. French regions my bloodline is closest to:Pays de la Loire. Finnish 0.9% Broadly North Western European 3.9% from Sweden and Norway Greek and Balkan 10.3% Parental Haplogroup group E-V13 that is DNA that originates in The Middle East and Western Asia but people of that group migrated into Europe 4500 years ago yet the ancestor of that group of people E1b1b1a originates in The Middle East and is around 22500 years old. Maternal haplogroup J1b1a which is DNA that is between 4600 and 12000 years old that originates in Anatolia 60% more Neanderthal DNA than the average person. Well I guess I know more Irish than most of the posers and I know that the Irish are not fans of Lucky Charms and I am not either nor are the Irish usually violent until something brings them to the boiling point. I know the Irish are not really into Lepercons either. I also did some research into Irish history and I find it interesting that they preserved Roman history and I also learned of the Irish version of Julius Caesar being Brian Boru but unlike Caesar he was not assassinated but instead he died fighting against the enemy.

Because of Roman Empire and the Germanic conquests

Thank you

Please, what is discussed there? I live in an area (middle and southern germany) with many signs of very early proto-celtic influence even more than 1200 years bce. So I am very interested.

@@CostasMelas also celtic languages at germany are likely to be dead at 4 century

@@brauchebenutzername for instance: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-rg0hr87Adok.html Regards

There are theories that the people we know as "Celts" actually originated around the periphery of the Atlantic (Britain, Ireland,western France, northern Spain, Portugal) and migrated eastwards.

Thank you

granted the celts and phyrgians have it much, much worse.

@@zapness What are u on bro?

​@@zapness so complex you must check it!

Byzantine Empire❤

Thank you very much

Also Swedish was technically the official language for a long time but most people spoke Finnish

@@jopeteus Sure, but the video doesn't aim to capture official languages.

When they where counted as 20% of the population at the time it excluded the eastern parts of the country like parts of Savonia and Kaleria ! It did not include the parts of the country owned by Russia at the time !!

Thank you

Well he did miss they Georgian language ISNT CAUCASIAN language by the group it’s called Georgian just like Armenian AND has its own language family branch named kartvelian languages where 4 languages derived from Porto Georgian language are but I do guess it’s easier to just say BOOM Caucasian language! Done even tho all the languages in Caucasia are different because of the mountains dividing them and letting them from differently that is the only problem I have

@@georgiancountryball202 Cope harder, it's armenian

You fucking crazy? If you'd show that video to an European linguist they would strangle you.

@@ll-nd1cj please don't tell me ur saying Georgian is Armenian 💀

They were there though. The expansion of German in Bohemia started in the 17th century.

@@Teapoid oh, I see

17th century? Germans started settling in the Bohemian lands in the 13th century (1200s) during Ostsiedlung. Many were invited to settle by the Bohemian royal dynasty and also to populate areas that had been decimated by disease outbreaks.

@@Qwerty-hy5mj Exactly. As far as I know, the local population in Bohemia at the time inhabited mostly the central lowlands (for farming) and the German speakers started settling and developing the heavily-forested mountainous border regions that were previously pretty much just wild nature. They had the know-how from Bavaria/Austria.

I always thought they had a clear majority in these areas

Ευχαριστώ πολύ

I see maths

What language is this, greek? I see summation and theta, and the rest is greek to me

İts shown in the map but its shows it as mixed but yea i feel like it should be more turkic dominated. Also agean and Mediterranean regions was more Turkish dominated i mean otherwise why agean and Mediterranean turks now have the highest East Eurasian and medieval turkic ancestry among Anatolian turks?? I mean turkmens especially settled on western regions more since western regions werent easy for us to dominate

@@k1r4z. Yes, there is a high amount of eastern Eurasian genetic heritage among the Turks living in the west of Anatolia. It would have been more accurate to show those regions on the map with Turkish density. The number of Turkish speakers is more dominant in various regions of Anatolia

As a bosnian I agree. The Turkic language heavily influenced the way us Bosnians speak. It’s very interesting tbh. The Illyrians had their language. Then came the Roman Empire. After that the slavic people migrated to the balkans. And then the Ottoman Empire influenced the language and culture.

Exaclty.

​@@Pekara121 The culture? Lucky guy😂

Why would you wish that? I think you meant something different

@@CorvusLeukos he totally did.

welp, no need to speculate for that, the basque language in northern Spain is actually a pre-indoeuropean language of unknown origin!

@ғ я ᴀ ɢ ᴍ ᴇ и ᴛ you also have the finno-ugric languages of Finland, Estonia and Hungary, yeah they migrated from the Urals after the indo-europeans but they are still technically European languages in geographical origin

@·♃I· you also have Georgian which by all means has a separate language branch named after itself in its native language kartvelian with 4 languages in that branch being Georgian megrelian svan and laz all of them derived from same proto-Georgian language so you also have Georgian that developed before the info European invasions and was mostly untouched because of Caucasian mountains protecting them

What about Georgian? Ancient language with its own group that is not endo European

@@georgiancountryball202 true, but it technically isn't a European language, but it's still interesting since the Indo-European migrations went through there and it survived

It is difficult for a farming nation to be assimilated

no one wants to assimilate a mongol steppe

@@ZlHl1999 yeah especially if they become christians they can form long lasting kingdoms, back then it was a huge geopolitic deal

@@ZlHl1999 Except the hungarians were as semi pastoral and arrived mainly as after the Pechenegs conquered their homeland their number estimated between 20 000 and 200 000. And probably on the lower end. They weren't even a single people. They were some ten tribes some finno ugric some Turkic some Iranian. It is extraordinary that their language survived with no influx from neighbouring areas. One hypothesis is that previously in Pannonia there were two distinct Avar conquest. Avars like other nomadic steppe groups were not of a single ethnicity. There ruling class seemed to have East Asian origin most of the Avars were European from the western steppe. In the 8th century a a new archaeological culture appeared quite suddenly that use very similar motifs than the later Hungarian conquerors. Therefore it is hypothesized that by the time the 10 hungarian tribe arrived there was a large finno ugric speaking population in Pannonia. Still you see many larger languages washed away in history without a trace.

all migrant warriors have been assimilated, their language could survive. don,t confuse language with DNA

Thank you very much

Thank you very much

@@CostasMelas Any chance for a paleo-European video of the known paleo European languages? Also do you think it’s okay to call Baltic languages north Slavic?

You may wanna check the term russification and that pretty much almost always it was a forced process.

@@bohomazdesign725 I'm not going to talk about processes, I just saw some inaccuracy in the maps about "Germanic languages". If you want to discuss the policy of Russification, then you are not to me.

It’s so sad seeing swathes of German speaking areas completely wiped after the USSR took over

@@bohomazdesign725 Like everywhere else?

@@bohomazdesign725 it was mainly eastern Europe and the Caucasus. The Russian Germans simply assimilated

So interesting how climate change pushed a powerful patriarchal society with a good military and economic strength while being semi-nomadic pastoralists.

Thank you

Thank you

One can't make a video about thousand years of whole Europe within months... :)

Actually, outside of Samara at the Volga this video ommits Germans anywhere in Russia.

There are many many mistakes. For example, Romanian language borders are as like nowadays from the 5 century, altought theye were in the balkans until the 16 century.

@@xerxen100 what language was spoken in 15 century?

@@gege1103 In where?

instead of Romanian

Bell beaker is pre IE

There is contention between if Bell Beaker was IE or originally something else and adopted IE. Its also contented if it was migrational or accultural as there is genetic evidence for IE in the north and major genetic difference in the south. We probably are too broadly characterizing Bell Beaker, Atlantic Bronze Age Europe and languages native to specific areas too broadly

How can I learn Bell Beaker language?

Thank you

Thank you very much

Polish in nationality, not ethnicity. They were still under the Polish crown, but by now, the Ostsiedlung was well under way. The only places that remained Polish-speaking were in Lower Silesia like Konighutte and Kattowitz. The rest were majority German.

I wish there was a way to bring back the ancient Caucasian peoples in Anatolia.

@@tanhukim9963 they may have been a missing link between Greek and Armenian but it’s hard to know now that they are gone. I believe Issaurian was the last of them.

@@tylerchurch2373 *Kurds are the missing link*

@@Zeyede_Siyum not exactly, they speak an Iranian language more closely related to Persian and Pashtun

@@tylerchurch2373 do you know Adam and Eve spoke Kurdish?

Atlantic substrate isn’t only Aquitanian, but also include Iberian, Tartessian, and possibly Goidelic substrate. And in this video, Caucasian, which are unrelated languages, are lumped together.

@@user-fw9lq6zm1z Oh I see, thank you

Yes, the three substrates of the map include unrelated languages with shared cultural elements. The Atlantic corresponds mainly to the Bell Beaker culture

Not really. There is far more Germanic influence on French than Gaulish. Something like 30% of Old French vocabulary was Frankish loanwords. The figure for Gaulish was nowhere close to that. Frankish also influenced Old French structure and grammar and other things in a way that Gaulish either didn't, or did so in a far less pervasive manner. Even today, French is still around 15% words of Frankish origin. Words of Gaulish origin are maybe 1-3% or something.

No

@@XR190190 That's the reality, whether you accept that or not. There may have been more Gaulish influence in some of the regional Romance languages of France that were ultimately replaced by French historically. But I'm not aware of that if there was.

@@palepilgrim1174 why would what you say the truth? When ethimologically, French is based on Latin and Greek with Celtic words and was influenced a bit by Frankish for the pronunciation? 30% Frankish? You're dreaming lmao do you even understand what you're saying? Just like Gaulish, Frankish brought only one or two hundred words. Old French is the Langue d'Oïl that was the GALLO-ROMAN language spoken in Northern France without much words from Frankish

@@XR190190 Old French was literally 30% Frankish loanwords. Even Modern French is still 15% Frankish loanwords despite heavy Latin and Italian borrowings in the Middle Ages. French was far more influenced by Frankish than by Gaulish, and not just in terms of vocabulary, any linguist with half a brain can see that. There’s some Gaulish influence on French, but it’s incredibly minor. Do yourself a favor and read about your own language before attempting to talk about it.

I am of Sudetengerman family background & this comment just made me check the map in the video again. They did do an error in that part of the map. Not just from what I can personally say, but the decades around 1900 had more than one population census with focus on language in particular.

Its better today

@@Argacyan Yeah, I'd say it's not wrong but just very simplified at this scale, since it shows a mixed Slavic/Germanic area in Bohemia and Moravia 1000-1945, but doesn't go into the detail of the particular areas with majority German speakers etc.

@@danreznicek7617 There's a missing legend in that sense, but the thing you're looking at appears to be political borders showing administrative language which is used the same way everywhere else on the map & with other languages (for example the Russian empire is shown in this way, or the Ottomans). Local language here is simply erroneously mapped.

@@davidson3658 Nope, these areas are widely culturally dead regions today, because the replacing slavic population, like most modern "refugees", went to urban areas. Same happend in Romania and Hungry, you can still see and feel something is missing, because there is a cut in history.

Да? А то в комментариях один чел доказывает, что русификация была принудительным процессом. Короче, вы врёте. После присоединения Финляндии финский язык уничтожили. Это если ему верить

I think he fails miserably trying to add "prestige lanuages"

”Joined”, huh, well Russia waged a war to occupy and cease it

Σημειώνεται με ρίγες. Στην πραγματικότητα ήταν περιστασιακή παρουσία στην ορεινή ζώνη κυρίως της δυτικότερης Ελλάδας. Τον 7ο αιώνα μ.Χ. ήταν εντονότερη η Σλαβική παρουσία στα ορεινά της Ηπείρου και Θεσσαλίας, ενώ κατά τον 8ο εξασθένησε η παρουσία τους στη Θεσσαλία, αλλά ενισχύθηκε στην Πελοπόννησο.

Thank you very much

Ja słyszałem,że nawet na Dolnym Śląsku większość ludności (szczególnie wśród chłopstwa,którego było najwięcej) co najmniej do połowy XVIII wieku mówiła po polsku

I believe Oberschlesien was majority polish even in 1937.

To add sth... Austria people were germanized in 9 century... before that they spoke slavic as well

@@robertspychalski1267 This is not true. While maybe some were, austrians werent slavs. Its just that in todays austria there were slavs. Dont forget, the slavs came later to europe themselves.

@@stanisawkowalski4804 Może i prawda, trudno powiedzieć. Z tego co ja wiem z danych ze Pruskich spisów ludności, to już odkąd Prusy przejeli Śląsk od Austriaków było już raczej mało Polsko/Śląsko języcznych ludzi na Dolnym Śląsku. W okolicach Wrocławia na przykład, Polacy byli około 8% ludności w roku 1819. Według danych to tylko w Górnym Śląsku była Polska większość, jakieś 65-70% w 1819, i ~57% w 1905. Ale ponieważ Prusi raczej próbowali wytępić Polską i Katolicką kulturę to może i by mieli powód by wyolbrzymiać tę dane. Pewnie nigdy się nie dowiemy definitywnie. W tamtych czasach ludzie inaczej patrzyli na koncepcje narodu i większość ludzi mówili w wiecej niż jednym języku.

Thank you

Ευχαριστώ πολύ

Thank you

@@CostasMelas you're welcome

Sure. Based on the overall politician point of view of the Antant community. We could see a state-of-the-art presentation technique with a full lie due to the Carpathian Basin.

Thank you

Thank you

He already made those.

Congo Nigerian? 👄

@@Yunahsky No, he didn't, he did'nt make yet a video about history of afro-asiatic family languages

@@oluwadamilola6233 I mean Niger-Congo family languages

@@user-uc4om6pm4c True, I thought he did. He did make one for the other ones you mentioned though. :)

Thank you very mych. I have note them with pink stripes.

But it's not easy with the Tatars either. They came to Crimea in the 13th century with the Mongol army and were a minority there. The majority before the 16th century were Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs, descendants of Ostrogoths and Italians. But the Muslim Tatars eventually assimilated them, destroying Christianity. In the 18th century, history turned back and Crimea became part of the Orthodox Russian Empire. But after the mass betrayal during the 2nd World War, when the Crimean Tatars massively served the Nazis, Stalin (Georgians) ordered you to be evicted to Kazakhstan. It's your own fault.

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you

Baltic?

NOT Caucasian if we speak by geological Groupon sure but we are not talking of that grouping so know there is a difference of first Armenian being separate which you missed also Georgian being in a fully different language group named kartvelian group and the north Caucasian basically being Circassian and some other languages so don’t use Caucasian anywhere else to refer to languages if talking of them individually or speaking of their real groupings

Pale ( albanian word ).

Yes, because the borders were drawn exactly for that reason, to encompass the majority german areas, yet a certain man was still unsatisfied with them

As a german it should have stayed that way. Oberschlesien could have also gone to Poland. What happened, happened. Sad to see how after 1945 germans in the East simply vanished. That war, intended to Spread germans around the world, ended up doing the exact opposite.

How do you say yes in Romanian?😂

@@themisargyros1528 Slavic people was a migratory one who lives near tha romanians much years, fleeing to the Romanian Carpathians from the barbarians. The Romanian people assimilated them because the sedentary majorities always assimilate the nomadic minorities. It is normal for some Slavic words to have entered the Romanian language just as Turkish words have entered, for example. From the Slavs we also have locality names. But the Romanian language is a Romance language, documents written in Cyrillic letters are in Romanian, not Slavic! Let's see how to say "NO": Romanian: Nu Latin: Non Italian: Non Spanish: No Portuguese: Não French: Non

Always? from the 13th century at the earliest! The Romanians were a pastoral people, so by no means an elite.

You are a little enchanted by the Romanian language, as if it were so original and ancient. Only the lying Romanian propaganda likes this.

@@benyovszkyistvan408 Romanians, Daco-Romanians or Vlachs (as the foreigners call us, speakers of the Latin language), have always been the masters of the mountains, retreating into the forests from the barbarian raids. That's why we are everywhere, from the wooded Carpathians to (Poland, Czech Republic, Serbia, Croatia, Albania, Greece) to the Balkan Mountains. Romanians have always been there, speaking other dialects: Dacoromân - in historical Dacia - present-day Romania Aromanian - in the south of the Balkan Peninsula (Greece, Macedonia, southern Albania and Bulgaria, rarely in Romania); Meglenoromân - in the south of Bulgaria and the north of Greece, on the Vardar river valley, in the region called Meglenia; the speakers of this dialect are the descendants of Romanians from the Romano-Bulgarian Empire; Istro-Romanian - spoken today in the Istrian Peninsula of Croatia

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you.

yes half of the population of the Baltic countries speaks Russian, but they don't exist.. Judging by this map))

really? which one?

You don't know nothing! Even French has a lot of Frankish (Germanic) influence. It doesn't mean French is Germanic. Romanian is as Italic as can be!

Hindi-Arabic dialect is called Urdu. 90% Hindi, 10% Arabic, Persian words here and there.

🙄

Thank you

I believe the presence of Thracian in the Pontic steppe is based off the theory of Thracian cultural influence on Cimmerian

Yeah, it looks a bit big but red ruled so that's indicate they can speak Romanian too. What I missed is the small blue ruled part next to the north Romanian-Hungarian border like at south Slovakia.

@@tbarna yeah it just is way too big and the red line seems faded as if barely anyone there speaks romanian. i live there and all people speak romanian and everything's in romanian- there are just a few towns where only Hungarian is spoken in the highlighted counties. all those 3 counties should not be counted

See about the Eastern Galindians

@@CostasMelas - will check it out, thank you!

Thank you

Turkey and Xinjiang are the worst, Anatolian and Tocharian have disappeared

@@ZlHl1999 lmao sayed by a han( more like south asian mix northern nomandic nations) :)

Irish is actually making a comeback in Ireland

@@crashclash2866 glad to hear :D

@@xxxxxx-rg6qr said*