"O que da guerra levou cavaleiros" - Medieval Galician-Portuguese song (LYRICS + Translation PT/ENG) 

A very long timstamp... English: (0:14 - 0:40) the knight doesn't relinquish his money and misuses his salary, which was given by the monarch to keep him well armed and ready to serve the king's command. Through a system of "contias" or "tenças" (essentially, a pension), the monarch sought to establish an exclusive attachment with all the nobles, making them his direct vassals. Likewise, he reacted with indignation if a nobleman wanted to take advantage of the pensions by diverting the wealth that should have been used for combat besides the king, to the purchase of lands and properties that would strengthen their personal status and manorial autonomy. (0:52) nemiga = "grudge"; "enmity". In the medieval satirical songbook there are several expressions with the use of "nemiga", in the sense of saying an offence or slander, as well as being hostile or unkind. (0:60) quand'é preitesia = "when it was agreed". The king demands that the nobles fulfil their part of the feudal-vassal circuit of obligations, i.e. that they attend the sovereign at the agreed time. (1:13) although no other records of "armar manto" have been located, it is possible that the expression is polysemic: to dress with apparatus in order to flaunt oneself like some great lord, thus concealing one's status as a coward, as well as to cover up disloyalty and betrayal. (1:36) vedo means "rottenness", "filth", "excrement". The author points out the frightened attitude of the traitor who flees to his land "spreading filth", a euphemistic way of saying that he has returned home 'scared shitless'. (1:44) automatically refers to a reading of "recreúdo", from the verb "retraer" (to censure or criticise). (1:49) Burgos is the capital of the province with the same name in Castile-Leon, the city where the valiant el Cid rests and one of the most important stops on the Way of St James. In this context, Burgos was one of the main fortified settlements in Alfonso X's struggle with the "rich-men" uprising. Although the identity of these knights is unknown today, the public of the time must have felt it more strongly, and could have easily identified each traitor by their respective allusions. (2:11) the feast dedicated to St Martin, which is still observed to this day on the 11th of November, was celebrated with an abundant pig slaughter. (2:20 - 2:30) speaks of the nobleman who carried the flag or banner of arms (pennant), but did not bring enough knights that was required to present in war, since he was paid for it. He did, however, have on his finger a ring with a gemstone. Here, the king alludes to this knight's display of wealth, in contrast to his failure to fulfil his military obligations. (3:02) the verse explicitly picks up on the rural nobility's fashions, mocked in another composition by Alfonso X ("De grado querria ora saber"), whose attire and appearance are understood by the monarch as distinctive and rather unflattering traits of their class. The "topete" is the hair on top of the head (a quift). (3:18) alludes to the knight who didn't bring a campaign tent (bell tent), because he probably didn't expect to stay very long. (3:24) "fazenda" = status; condition; state of affairs. In this case, a reference to the wealth that the "rich men" accumulated. (3:33) "Cadarço" is the name of a type of low-quality silk (floss silk). (3:38) March = the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere, which meant the start of the alardo, i.e. the military census (as I explained above). (3:54) There is no clear consensus on the meaning and origin of the word "Martinhos", which seems to designate a kind of free fighting Moor, perhaps armed with a hammer, who possibly fought in guerrilla warfare. They are also mentioned in another song by Alfonso X ("O genete"). (4:10) "fronteira" = the area that separated the Christian and Muslim camps, and where the battle took place. (4:14) the "caldeira" (caldron; boiler) was the insignia of the "rich man". A caldron on the banner thus signified the knight's ability to contribute to the war from his own resources, including feeding his troops. In this case, however, the noble knight fled the battlefront, still carrying the banner with the insignia, but without contributing economically to the war expenses. (4:30) These last few verses, besides alluding to the practice of pillaging the Moors, which was, after all, part of the Reconquista warfare, also suggest that some nobles pillaged Moors and Christians alike. This is a clear criticism of the opportunistic manipulation of combat by these nobles, who used the war exclusively for their own personal enrichment, and then immediately returned to their lands to reinforce their feudal power. °.•*𒆜☬༒꧂ Português: (0:14 - 0:40) o cavaleiro não renuncia ao dinheiro e usa indevidamente o soldo, que era entregue pelo monarca para mantê-lo bem armado e pronto a atender ao seu chamamento. O monarca procurava distinguir, por meio deste sistema de contias, um vínculo imediato para com todos os nobres, tornando-os seus vassalos diretos. Da mesma forma, reagia com indignação se um nobre pretendia se aproveitar das contias ao desviar a riqueza que deveria ser empregada no combate ao lado do rei, para a compra de herdades que fortaleçam a sua posição pessoal e autonomia senhorial. (0:52) nemiga = "má vontade"; "inimizade". No cancioneiro satírico medieval aparecem várias expressões com o uso de "nemiga", no sentido de dizer uma ofensa ou calúnia, bem como, mostrar-se hostil ou ruim. (0:60) quand´é preitesia = "no tempo ajustado/combinado". O rei cobra aos nobres o cumprimento de sua parte no circuito de obrigações feudo-vassálicas, isto é, que atendam ao soberano no tempo acertado. (1:13) embora não tenham sido localizados outros registos de "armar manto", é possível que a expressão seja polissémica: o de se vestir com aparato para se exibir como um grande senhor, escondendo assim o seu status de covarde, bem como o de encobrir a deslealdade e a traição. (1:36) vedo designa “podridão”, “imundície”, “excremento”. O autor aponta a atitude medrosa do traidor que foge para a sua terra "espalhando imundícies", uma forma eufemística de dizer que retornou para casa ‘borrando-se de medo’. (1:44) referem-se automaticamente a uma leitura de "recreúdo", do verbo retraer (censurar ou criticar). (1:49) Burgos é a capital da província do mesmo nome, em Castela-Leão, a cidade onde está enterrado o valoroso Cid e uma das mais importantes paragens do Caminho de Santiago. Neste contexto, Burgos foi uma das principais praças de guerra na luta de Alfonso X com os ricos-homens sublevados. Embora atualmente se desconheça a identidade destes cavaleiros, o público da época deveria senti-la mais fortemente, e poderia, eventualmente, identificar cada traidor pelas respectivas alusões. (2:11) a festa dedicada ao São Martinho, ainda hoje comemorada a 11 de novembro, era celebrada com farta matança de porcos. (2:20 - 2:30) alude ao nobre que trazia a bandeira ou estandarte de armas (pendão), mas não trazia cavaleiros necessários que era obrigado a apresentar na guerra, pois recebia por isso. No entanto, trazia no dedo um vinco (entendido como aro do anel) com uma pedra preciosa. O rei aludirá aqui ao alarde que este cavaleiro faria da sua riqueza, em contraste com o incumprimento das suas obrigações militares. (3:02) o verso retoma explicitamente as modas da nobreza rural, troçadas noutra composição de Afonso X ("De grado querria ora saber"), cujos trajes e aspeto são entendidos pelo monarca como marcas distintivas e pouco abonatórias de classe. O topete trata-se do cabelo no topo da cabeça (poupa). (3:18) alude ao cavaleiro que não levava tenda militar de campanha, porque provavelmente não contava em demorar muito nesta. (3:24) "fazenda" = situação, assunto, estado, condição, interesses. Neste caso, uma referência à riqueza que os "ricos-homens" acumulavam. (3:33) Cadarço é o nome de um tipo de seda de baixa qualidade. (3:38) mês de Março = início da primavera no hemisfério norte, que dava início ao recenseamento militar (como expliquei acima). (3:54) Não existe um consenso claro sobre o significado e origem da palavra "Martinhos", que parece designar uma espécie de livre combatente mouro, talvez armado de martelo, que possivelmente combatiam em regime de guerrilha. Também são mencionados noutra cantiga de Alfonso X ("O genete"). (4:10) "fronteira" = zona que separava os campos cristão e muçulmano, e onde se processavam os combates. (4:14) a "caldeira" era a insígnia do "rico-homem". A caldeira no pendão indicava, portanto, a capacidade do cavaleiro de contribuir com os seus próprios meios na guerra, incluindo alimentar as suas tropas. Neste caso, contudo, o nobre combatente fugiu da frente de batalha, carregando ainda o pendão com a insígnia, mas sem contribuir economicamente com as despesas de guerra. (4:30) Estes últimos versos, para além de aludirem à prática do saque contra os mouros, o que afinal de contas era parte dos combates da Reconquista, sugeria também que alguns nobres saqueavam indistintamente mouros e cristãos. Trata-se de uma crítica clara à manipulação oportunista do combate por estes nobres que se apropriavam do combate exclusivamente para o seu enriquecimento pessoal, para depois retornar de imediato para as suas terras e reforçar o seu poderio senhorial.

Uma dúvida: As melodias de tais músicas medievais foram preservadas até nossos dias com suas notas musicais escritas (algo semelhante a partituras) ou essas gravações atuais são reconstruções modernas do que tais canções poderiam ter sido?

Adorei e também adorei a tradução.✌✌

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Parabens!

Love it... my blood comes from the main land north... we were last line of defense against the invaders Muslims of moors. Great song.

Onde tiraste essa "tradução" para o português moderno?

"He Who Took His Knights Out Of War" by King Alfonso X of Castille (13th Century), retranslated based on the notes in the pinned comment above: "He who took his knights out of war And went back home to keep the money Shall not be coming to the May Feast. He who wickedly fled the war And went back home to buy some lands... He who reluctantly left the war And did not come when he was supposed to... He who left the war in fear And went back to his lands to hide himself under his cloak... He who left the war most fearfully And went back to his lands, spilling his waste... He who faced much criticism, Despite having had his coat of arms painted in Burgos... He who brought a linen cloth But did not even come for St. Martin's Day... He who brought a banner without so much as five men with him But had on his finger a gemstone ring... He who brought a banner without so much as eight men with him And did not give any freshly baked bread to his people... He who brought a banner without so much as seven men with him And wore a loose sash and a quiff... He who brought a banner without a tent Because of which I now know his status... He who brought a banner made of floss silk Even though he hadn't come during the month of March... He who fearfully fled from the Martinhos And went back home to get drunk off wine... He who fearfully fled from the battlefield But brought a banner without a caldron... He who stole from those wretched Moors And still went home to steal some goats..."