The DNA of Ice Age Europe: A Conversation With Dr. Cosimo Posth 

Hey Stefan can we have access to the thumbnails and beautiful paintings.

can we get a Stefan Milo Only Fans with different early hominid poses

I was missing your videos Stefan, great as always!!

Could someone tell me what does light skin and dark skin mean in this context? Especially when it is referred as darker skin. Darker than what? Are we talking about red hair white skin, burns to crisp on the sun, Estonian light. Or are we talking about brown hair light skin, tans when needed Iranian light? Are we talking about Nilotic jet black dark or San milk chocolate dark or Iranian middle eastern dark? Are we talking about darker than night sky darker or darker than milk darker? Are native Americans dark skinned in this context? Or are we talking about "Meh, Europeans probably had somewhat darker skin and hair than today."

Thanks for spelling Aurignacion. I thought you were saying Auroch Nation, as in the Aurochs, which would be a cool name for an ancient society.

Thanks for watching!

Ditto.

Same here. I've been wondering about the lack of recommendations about you. 😁

Yes 👍

That change can only mean one thing: aliens.

@@bc4198 Haha obviously aliens, of course and don't forget looking for gold and when they reach bedrock there *COULD* be a fortune in gold sitting on top of it...but alas there never is.

@@bc4198 definitely aliens… either lots of them, or one giant robotic one.

Those old school productions were overblown and overproduced. Stefan's to the point style and personality blow them out of the water. This is why I love RU-vid. Hopefully the algorithm doesn't ruin it!

Time stamp?

for me it's the daystrom institute from Star Trek. 🤣🤣🤣

Actually several dozen locations, mostly in Europe. This one is the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. See WIKI page for list of about 60 others: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Max_Planck_Institutes

Both of them lol.

Check out Milo's current view on DNA. ru-vid.com_sqJvszNdd4?si=GCBkzt1yoC5rI9K0

Siberia was largely home to a population called ancient north Eurasians, which are ancestors to both Europeans and native Americans

@@alexdunphy3716 and ancient north Siberian’s, as well as paleo Siberian’s

Siberia, icy. East Asia, very cold. We tend to forget that the ice age.

@@fudgedogbannana Not so, the remains of the mastodon found in Siberia indicate that 12,000 years ago, it was a very pleasant place, with moderate temperatures and lots of grazing opportunities for herds of hundreds of thousands of individuals.

I imagine in to be similar to the tundra in canada is today, just colder when the bearing sea bridge was opened the ice receded eastward and people followed the caribou into what we call north America. The Gwich'en in the arctic have stories that go back generations 10's of thousands of years. Inuit and other Natives have stories of multiple mass migrations to North America. More genome tracing needs to be done but I do remember hearing that theres a variation showing they could survive in extremely cold conditions similar to the way Sherpa in the Himalayan mountains can survive at extremely high altitudes

Also in the subtitles: 'origination' should be 'Aurignacian'

He seems to have a deeply objective pov (like a scientist).

I'm so proud of you dude you went from unknown to a house hold name with your passion

this👆🏻👆🏻

A colour coded timeline was what I was longing for.

@Pojka Go right ahead if you've got time.

€€$$££₽₽¥¥

@@MP-hh3lo qq

@@bobcrotty8726 Bob the boomer here trying to put down a perfectly normal idea, by using gamer speak from 10 years ago. Lol - gotta love it.

Europeans and East Asians both have light skin due to convergent evolution. Different mutations arose in both populations.

What neither of them said was why they were looking wistfully for evidence of earlier whiteness when there isn't any. The point is that the grain based low vitamin D diet is a pretty good reason for that mutation to survive and expand over territory. Poor but reliable diet and cloudy skies.

@@casteretpollux I've seen your comments like this before. You should learn more about genetics first, then comment more.

@@bmoneybby The essential thing to know about genes and evolution is that survival is what matters. Random mutations are thrown up. Some favour survival and production of progeny who survive, others not. Those that favour survival e.g. ability to digest grain and milk, in a farming culture, will survive through crises much better than those who can't and will pass these mutations on to their children. And those who have light skin will absorb more vitamin D will not get rickets so will not die in childbirth and will experience more live births. I checked maps. There is only very broad correlation between solar radiation and light or dark skin. There is very close correlation between the post 8,000 bc grain farming areas and light skin and close correlation with very light skin and lactose tolerance ( This appeared mainly 5,000 bc onwards). In northern climates clothes are worn and less sun received to make Vit D. Vit D enables healthy childbirth and helps resist infection. This would in my view entirely explain the prevailing patterns of skin colour. No skin colour is in any way superior to any other. They are merely the result of food + climate.

@@casteretpollux Having read your earlier comment, and maybe I'm wrong, but you almost suggest that they have an agenda for looking for earlier whiteness in populations. What you say later makes sense, but I think they are just interested in finding out the truth and if you don't investigate you'll never know. The scientific method isn't too say, here's a hypothesis, that makes sense, that just be true. It may have occurred earlier, we just don't know, we are learning all the time. At present the evidence suggests it was adaptation to the environment, but I think Stefan's questions were excellent and very interesting ones. I'm certain white skin developed as a beneficial gene mutation to living in a more northerly, cooler climates and all the effects that go with this, reduced sunlight, ice, diet possible in areas with this kind of climate. Knowing when it occurred and in which populations in and around the last ice age I find very interesting and is nothing to do with trying to prove something. The scientific method is that you put forward a hypothesis, you collect the data, analyse it, and then form a conclusion. It isn't that you form a hypothesis and then go and find evidence to back it up whilst discarding evidence that doesn't. That is what some pseudo scientists do, but I don't think that's what's going on here.

Yes, in fact, if I can remember correctly, certain studies seem to indicate that Europeans and east Asians have been separated from sub Saharan African lineages for over 120,000 years

@@alexdunphy3716 No, that is not true. The proto amerindian population was a mix of about one third what became western European and two thirds what became East Asian. That mix occurred about 25-30,000 years ago in Central Siberia. Edit: you mean both separated from sub-saharan African populations... yes that sounds about right.

@@angrytedtalks yes, as in non-sub Saharans separated genetically around that time. I'm aware of the ancient north Eurasian ancestry of Europeans and Amerindians as well

@Pat M That isn't because it is Neanderthal, because over the past 50,000 years mutations without benefit have died out. The "autoimmune" reactions do sometimes come from the tiny surviving Neanderthal DNA. The primary two reasons for slower spread in Africa is lower population density (hence lower transmission rates) and hotter climate (acting as sterilisation). In the UK, the worst hit population are the people with African descent, but that is due to diet and partly vitamin D deficiency. Blood groups are more of an issue, A being the most vulnerable.

@Pat M Yes, I saw that years ago. Nothing to do with Covid. Europeans and Asians have been fighting pandemics in different ways than Africans for thousands of years and hence Europeans have strong antibodies and different social preferences. One of those is population density which effects Covid spread. It has nothing to do with Neanderthals.

😲

there is no way to verify if those axes were made by ancestors of any of the people who have been there for the last 1000 years.

@@macrosense U hate axes, don't u ?