The Great Timeline of Computers: 25 Years at a Glance | Retro Dream

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15 Years of Wonder: the Golden Age of Personal Computers. 80 Computers from the Eighties and Beyond. Timeline from 1977 to 1992.
Music by D. Lowe (Elite II Frontier)
Isometric Design by Retro Dream
Introductory price converted in US Dollars of the era
List of Computers:
1977 Apple II
1977 Tandy TRS-80 Model I
1977 Commodore PET
1979 Acorn Atom
1979 Apple II Plus
1979 Texas Instruments TI-99/4
1979 Atari 400/800
1980 Sinclair ZX80
1980 Commodore VIC-20
1980 Apple III
1980 Commodore PET 4000
1980 Tandy TRS-80 Color I
1980 Tandy TRS-80 Model III
1981 Sinclair ZX81
1981 IBM PC 5150
1981 Texas Instruments TI-99/4A
1981 Acorn BBC Micro
1981 NEC PC-8801
1982 Sinclair ZX Spectrum
1982 Commodore C64
1982 Oric-1
1982 Dragon 32/64
1983 Apple Lisa
1983 Atari 800XL
1983 Acorn Electron
1983 IBM PC/XT 5160
1983 Spectravideo SV-318
1984 Apple Macintosh
1984 Sinclair QL
1984 Amstrad CPC 464
1984 IBM PCjr
1984 Apple IIc
1984 Oric Atmos
1984 Yashica MSX YC-64
1984 Commodore C16
1984 Commodore Plus 4
1984 IBM PC/AT 5170
1984 Electronika BK0010-01
1984 Thomson TO7
1984 Thomson MO5
1984 Sinclair ZX Spectrum+
1984 Tandy Tandy 1000
1985 Commodore C128
1985 Amstrad CPC 6128
1985 Philips MSX VG-8020
1985 Atari 520 ST
1985 Commodore Amiga 1000
1985 Amstrad CPC 664
1985 Amstrad PCW 8256
1985 Atari 130XE
1985 Yamaha MSX2 CX7M
1986 Apple Macintosh Plus
1986 Sinclair ZX Spectrum +2
1986 Oric Telestrat
1986 Atari 1040 ST
1986 Amstrad PC 1512
1986 Apple II GS
1986 Commodore C64C
1987 Commodore Amiga 500
1987 Commodore Amiga 2000
1987 Amstrad PC 1640
1987 IBM PS/2 Model 30
1987 Apple Macintosh II
1987 Atari Mega ST
1987 Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3
1987 Acorn Archimedes 300/400
1987 Sharp X68000
1989 Amstrad PC 2286
1989 Iskra 1030 DVK
1989 Acorn Archimedes 3000
1989 Atari STE Series
1990 IBM PS/1 Model 2011
1990 Apple Macintosh Classic
1990 Apple Macintosh LC
1990 Atari TT 030
1990 Panasonic MSX Turbo R
1992 Atari Falcon 030
1992 Commodore Amiga 600
1992 Commodore Amiga 1200
0:00 1977
0:16 1979
0:37 1980
1:05 1981
1:30 1982
1:50 1983
2:17 1984
3:33 1985
4:18 1986
4:52 1987
5:36 1989
5:56 1990
6:22 1992

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24 июл 2024

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Комментарии : 83

@dgmt1 Год назад

Great work with the visuals and putting so much effort into getting this together. Hopefully, over time this video will blow up in views quite a bit. However, I think PC compatibles were somewhat underrepresented overall although I do appreciate the inclusion of the Tandy and Amstrad machines. Between 1982 and 1983 there were at least 15 early clones referred to as PC workalikes (including the Compaq machines and Tandy 2000) and the number of fully compatible clones grew exponentially from 1984 onwards. It’s hard to track down sales data from this period, but according to a 2005 arstechnia article, PC compatibles already had 50% of yearly computer sales by 1986, about 72% by 1989 and around 82% in 1992. So I feel PCs could use some additional representation to show how important they were within the market as a whole.

@dgmt1 Год назад

Of course, as there were literally hundreds of companies either copying or cloning PCs, as well as even more domestic companies importing and rebranding these machines, it would be a nightmare to try to track down information on all of them. However, you could group the clones by categories based on the gaming standards of the period with a graphical render of one or two of the more common clones of that era. That would mean just adding about 5 extra representations rather than hundreds. For example: 1982 early PC workalikes 1984 CGA/internal speaker era: 4mhz 8086/8088 or 8mhz 286, 256-640k RAM 1986 EGA/internal speaker era: 8-10mhz 8088 or 8-16mhz 286, 512-640k RAM 1989 VGA/adlib era: 12-16mhz 286 or 16-25mhz 386, 640k-1MB RAM 1991 SVGA/sound blaster era: 25-40mhz 386/25-33mhz 486, 1-2MB RAM The specs above are just rough estimates and would need proper data digging to make exact. Price data is complicated as it varied so much from country to country and seller to seller. For example, in the 1987 April 28th issue of PC Magazine, you can find ads for Turbo XT systems (8-10mhz) selling from $450-1500 depending on the seller and how they are configured. Specifications are also a messy topic because CPUs and graphics cards generally came out much earlier before they became common in the home market. So, prices and specifications might be best depicted as a range rather than exact figures. These are just suggestions and I do respect how much work goes into making something like this.

@RetroDream Год назад

Many thanks for your first-class feedback and very interesting stats. Indeed we could group PC clones by periods based on graphic capabilities like you suggest, that would make sense. Of course, specs and price would be complicated to determine, and sales figures even more. But still that could be something to do... next time then!

@DVDfeverGames Год назад

It's a very nice trip down memory lane :)

@RetroDream Год назад

Thanks!

@DbugII Год назад

Nice to have both the Oric 1 and Atmos. Regarding the Thomson TO7, it was released in 1982, it's the TO7/70 which was released in 1984.

@RetroDream Год назад

Absolutely.

@RichardBarnes0 Год назад

Would love a poster of this to frame and put on wall.

@RetroDream Год назад

I actually planned to do that

@GeorgesChannel Год назад

Amazing work! I can only imagine how much work this was. I noticed the love to detail. You also paired the right monitor to the commodore plus/4 .. :)

@RetroDream Год назад

Trying my best :)

@RainerK. Год назад

No units sold information for the 800XL? I see it's missing for some other models as well. Might be better to put "Units Sold: N/A" or leaving it out altogether instead of just leaving it blank?

@RetroDream Год назад

wanted to do so but forgot during edit

@CurtisBoyle Год назад

Definitely some errors (you have the TRS-80 Color Computer 1 showing Coco 2 or 3 case colors (or maybe the TDP-100 version), the Coco 2 & Coco 3 not showing up at all (July 1983 and July 1986 respectively), the Dragon 32 alone sold >300K units (not 50K for the combined Dragon 32/64), etc. But the effect is really cool, and there is a *lot* of stuff to sift through, so some mistakes can almost be expected. :)

@RetroDream Год назад

Thanks for your feedback! Where do the 300K Dragon32 units sold come from (source)?

@philsan69 Год назад

Very nice timeline and graphics. Atari 800 has a 128 colors palette, 800XL and 130XE 256 colors, 130XE was discontinued in 1991.

@RetroDream Год назад

There's a discussion about whether to count the base colors (16) or the total with various luminance levels (256)

@philsan69 Год назад

I would count palette, it's an important technical specification. For example, Commodore Amiga 4096 colors palette was huge in 1985. Btw, Atari Mega ST doesn't have 4096 base colors nor 4096 colors palette, only 512.

@chrishospes9353 Год назад

@@philsan69 Atari STe have 4096 base colors and 3 YM sound generator + 2ch PCM sounds

@philsan69 Год назад

@@chrishospes9353 Yes, I know, but in the video there's a 1987 Mega ST (512 colors palette) not 1991 Mega STe (4096 colors palette). Video should be corrected.

@chrishospes9353 Год назад

@@philsan69 5:57 - Atari STe Machine Series - I was talking about this machine 1989 y. :)

@endofthelinejoel Год назад

nice. Is the Acorn BBC Master 128 there ?

@RetroDream Год назад

Not this particular one, but 2 others

@Newsdee Год назад

It's missing the Apple IIe in the timeline? or am I missing something?

@RetroDream Год назад

Yes, grave mistake that I noticed only after publishing

@marceaum Год назад

Nice but you've missed the Alice computer, the zx81, the Intellivision with its Basic keyboard, the Atari 1200XL, the Mega STE, the TT30 and some others ;)

@RetroDream Год назад

Thanks. The ZX81 and TT30 are there

@marceaum Год назад

@@RetroDream ok my apologies then :)

@marceaum Год назад

@RetroDream : I watched the video a second time. Indeed the zx81 and the TT are there :) Maybe add the 600xl and the Atari 260ST and Stacy ? Also missing some Thomson TO7/70, TO9 ? PS : The TO7 was released in November 1982. The TO7/70 was released in June 1984. The MO5 was released in June 1984 (not in August). You can add the Acorn 3010 and 3020. If you think of making a poster with all this, I would be interested :)

@RetroDream Год назад

Check my last video, you'll see both my old personal TO7/70 that I kept over 40 years, and the poster ;)

@MikazukiKai Год назад

what program did you use to make this?

@RetroDream Год назад

Illustrator + Blender

@MikazukiKai Год назад

@@RetroDream AWESOME, do you have a Tutorial?

@RetroDream Год назад

No for now

@MikazukiKai Год назад

@@RetroDream for now? you mean theres hope?

@RetroDream 11 месяцев назад

There's always hope for everything ;)

@Miler97487 Год назад

Ti-99/A4? It's TI-99/4A, from someone who grew up on the TI-99/4A back in the early 1980s.

@RetroDream Год назад

typo of course

@JimLeonard Год назад

Where is the isometric collection of computers from? Who is the artist?

@RetroDream Год назад

It's my own. Illustrator+Blender

@timlocke3159 Год назад

I've noticed some errors: The Commodore PET 4000 didn't have a resolution of 640x200. It didn't support bitmaps nor custom characters, only fixed text at 40x25. The Tandy Color Computer didn't have 4 voices. It had a single 6-bit DAC. The IBM PC 5150 (and 5160) 8088 was 16-bit internally and only 8-bit externally. Usually it is called a 16-bit computer. To be consistent with the Macintosh, it should probably say 8/16-bit. The Sinclair ZX Spectrum ran at 3.5 MHz. The Motorola 68000 in the Apple Lisa was 32-bit internally and 16-bit externally. It wasn't 8-bit. The Electronika BK0010-01 CPU was the K1801VM1. The Thomson TO7 has 8 colors. The 65816 in the Apple IIgs should be 8/16-bit as the external bus is only 8-bit. It is probably more fair to say the Apple IIgs video is 320x200 with 256 colors as this was in hardware. The modes with more colors required CPU assist. The Amiga 2000 came out in March 1987 and the Amiga 500 in April 1987. The Amiga 500 was expandable to 9 MB like the 2000. The Atari Mega ST should say 16 colors not 4096 as it could only display 16 at once from a palette of 512. The MEGA STE palette was 4096. The Apple Macintosh Clasic should have two 's' in Classic. The Apple Macintosh LC has 8-bit sound, not 8 voices. The R800 in the Panasonic MSX Turbo R had 16-bit registers but the data bus was 8-bit so it should be 8/16-bit. The Commodore Amiga 1200 had a fully 32-bit 68EC020 CPU @ 14 MHz.

@RetroDream Год назад

Thanks for the heads-up, sir! So many of them :) But yes, there are some typos as well as incomplete information despite many checks. As for the internal vs external data bus, we could argue which one should define the overall computer category. The Thomson has 8 base colors and another 8 with different brightness, that's why I counted 16.

@timlocke3159 Год назад

@@RetroDream Yes, you can go either way with the register and/or data bus widths but they should all be consistent. My personal preference is to list both, /. The IBM PC with the 8088's 16-bit registers and 8-bit data bus is typically called a 16-bit computer, while the Commodore Amiga with the 68000's 32-bit registers and 16-bit data bus is typically called a 16-bit system. This seems unfair to the Amiga.

@RetroDream Год назад

That's correct. At least it should be consistent, whatever way is chosen. To think about for next time

@AdamKlobukowski Год назад

A lot of information is wrong, at least concerning graphic modes. Almost all of those computers had multiple graphic modes and listing only one arbitrally chosen one is not a good choice. It is also not consistent - some information lists max colors of screen and some lists color pallette. Atari ST and Atari Mega ST have exactly the same video hardware and capabilities, yet one is listed with 16 colors the othe one with 4096 colors. Correct desctiption should be 16 colors from palette o 512 colors (not 4096). Atari STE could do 16/4096. And you did not include Atari Mega STE at all. I also do not think that listing Apple Lisa CPU as 8bit is correct - it should be listed like all other machines as 16/32bit CPU, or all 68000 based machines should be listed as 16bit.

@RetroDream Год назад

Thanks for your feedback. If there's any inconsistency, then my bad, I agree about 16/4096 for the ST. But I don't agree about listing all graphic modes, for a good reason: I tried that during test phases, and it completely jeopardises the presentation, making it illegible with ultra long lists for some computers. We can't have it all on a format like this. Check my previous video on the topic, it has a more detailed format and lists all modes for all computers.

@AdamKlobukowski Год назад

@@RetroDream maybe you could list one graphic Mode with top colors, one with top resolution and probably the same for txt modes.

@RetroDream Год назад

To think over for the next one

@madigorfkgoogle9349 8 месяцев назад

I disagree with you about MC68000, it is a 16-32bit CPU, while it has "just" 16bit data lanes, it has also generous 32bit registers, and if the code can fit, then its is a true 32bit CPU.

@AdamKlobukowski 8 месяцев назад

@@madigorfkgoogle9349I disagree with you. This is similar to Z80 and 6502. They also have 16bit registers and can process 16bit data (and have 8bit bus), and nobody claims they are 16bit CPUs. As for 68000 you could look at instruction timings: what you can see that clearly 16bit is 'the default' as 8bit and 16bit operations take tha same ammount of time, and 32bit operations takes more time. 68000 is 16bit CPU. The first 'true' 32bit CPU in 680x0 family is 68020, as it has 32bit bus (not counting EC version) and instruction timings are the same for 16 and 32bit data.

@big0bad0brad Год назад

Missing the slowest MS-DOS machine

@RetroDream Год назад

which is

@big0bad0brad Год назад

@@RetroDream Sanyo MBC-550 / 555, though it sort of straddles the line between home PC and business PC. There were some games for it but not really much that ran on IBM PC hardware because the compatibility was only at the BIOS level. The only hardware that matched the PC was the CGA add-in card if you had one of those. The onboard video was superior to CGA by the numbers but the problem is very little software knows how to use it. The BASIC though is really interesting - it's capable of using up to 64KB string RAM plus unlimited numeric array up to the installed RAM (with 64KB max per array). In that way it's probably the most capable of the old school BASICs, at least if you had a machine with enough RAM installed.

@RetroDream Год назад

Very interesting indeed, didn't know about that! Thanks for sharing :)

@fabiomb Год назад

CoCo is wrong, that´s the Coco 2

@RetroDream Год назад

@MackDaddi Год назад

That Music is from Elite II Frontier on the Amiga.

@geordieal Год назад

Nice timeline, you've missed a few classics though! Jupiter Ace, Enterprise 64, Memotech MTX 500, Sam Coupe, Next Cube/Station, Fujitsu FM Towns, Amiga 3000, and Amiga 4000 ( yeah, I know there are many others not included, they are just some of my faves! ). Oh and Amiga 1200 had a 68020 @ 14MHz, C16 and Plus 4 both had the same 7501 or 8501 CPU running at up to 1.76MHz, and the C128 had both an 8502 and a Z80 at 4MHz

@RetroDream Год назад

Thanks for sharing details! Will do better next time :)

@Miesiu Год назад

Very interesting GFX timeline, but there are many errors in specs: 0:33 - The both ATARI 400 & 800 have got 128 colors. 1:55 - The Atari 800XL - has got 256 colors, the same this the resolution - there is H/W overscreen 3:50 - The Atari 520ST - has got 512 colors 3:54 - The Amiga 1000 - has got 4096 colors 4:08 - The Atari 130XE - has got 256 colors, the same this the resolution - there is H/W overscreen 4:34 - The Atari 1040ST - has got 512 colors 4:54 - The Amiga 500 - has got 4096 colors , sound stereo 4:59 - The Amiga 2000 - has got 4096 colors , sound stereo 5:19 - The Atari MEGA ST - has got 512 colors 5:53 - The Atari STE series - has got 4096 colors, Sound 3 chip-tune vioces + Stereo DMA 8-bit PCM + filters bass/sopran 6:13 - The Atari TT030 - has got 4096 colors, resolution 1280x960, sound 3 chip-tune vioces + Stereo DMA 8-bit PCM + filters bass/sopran 6:24 - The Atari Falcon030 - has got resolution up to 1800x800 - H/W overscreen - Sound 3 chip-tune vioces + Stereo DMA 8-bit PCM + Stereo 8-channels DMA 16-bit PCM 6:30 - The Amiga 600 - has got 4096 colors, resolution 640x512, sound stereo 6:33 - The Amiga 1200 - has got 16,777,216/24bit colors, resolution 1440x768, sound stereo

@RetroDream Год назад

Thanks for your feedback. The specs I mention don't relate to "color palette" but to "simultaneous colors on screen"...

@Miesiu Год назад

@@RetroDream I understand the idea but ... this is still wrong - eg. Amiga 500: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hold-And-Modify The hardware contained 32 registers that could be set to any of the 4096 possible colors, and the image could access up to 32 values using 5 bits per pixel. The sixth available bit could be used by a display mode known as Extra Half-Brite which reduced the luminosity of that pixel by half, providing an easy way to produce shadowing effects. . Computers like Atari and Amiga can switch "pallete" on the fly. ... etc ... . For cut talking - how did you create the movie ?

@RetroDream Год назад

Illustrator + Blender + Power Director

@Miesiu Год назад

@@RetroDream Many work...

@agauser3321 Год назад

@@RetroDream the AMiga 500 can show 4096 colors on screen in HAM modes with a palette of 4096 and the A1200 in ham8 mode 262144 colors on screen with a palette of 16777216 colors. Anyway it's a very good video! Thx for it!

@dentportgmbh3464 Год назад

Amiga 1200 Motorola 68020 14 Mhz

@RetroDream Год назад

Yes, copy/paste error

@madigorfkgoogle9349 8 месяцев назад

@@RetroDream also Commodore A1200 has no 640x480 mode, and was not discontinued in 1996 but 1994.

@mikemiller1208 Год назад

Your TRS-80 Color Computer 1 model is completely wrong. It shows a Color Computer 2!

@RetroDream Год назад

Completely is exaggerated

@mikemiller1208 Год назад

@@RetroDream Absolutely. Apart from the shape and size, the color, the keyboard type and the imaginary tandy color monitor, yeah it's bang on.😆

@rgi9509 Год назад

8088 is 16 bit

@RetroDream Год назад

No. 8086 is.

@rgi9509 Год назад

@@RetroDream 8088 was the 8 bit isa bus version of the 8086. It was still a 16 bit processor and had 16 bit memory addressing.

@timlocke3159 Год назад

@@rgi9509 Wasn't the memory bus 20-bit?

@timlocke3159 Год назад

It is 16-bit from the perspective of a software programmer because the internal registers are 16-bit, but from the perspective of a hardware engineer, it is 8-bit because the external data bus is 8-bit. The 8086 used in the IBM PS/2 Model 30 is fully 16-bit. Of course, both versions have a 20-bit bus for addressing up to 1 MB of memory.

@madigorfkgoogle9349 8 месяцев назад

@@timlocke3159 do not confuse Data Bus with Address Bus...