Some video suggestions: 1: Can y'all do like an in-depth video of how a browser works? Like how Chrome and Edge use Chromium? 2: How updates are executed on operating systems? 3: How is a software "optimized" to run on certain CPU architectures?
as a computer science student about to graduate in 2021, i'd love to finally learn how to optimize software for different architectures xD should really have been taught to us already... but if education fails, Linus is here to save the day... pls...
1 ) Chromium is the engine that translates basic stuff (HTML, CSS, JS etc) into a working webpage. It contains all the parts you need to run your car. The browsers are simply "extra features" and they often add tricks to either speed up the translation of the above named things (by caching it or trying to predict stuff) and gives the browser creator the ability to inject stuff into the chromium engine -- So, add-ons. With a car this could be bouncers for example. Basically, it allows them to mod the car. 2 ) Operating systems are just very complicated programs that get started up by a tiny command on what used to be your Master Boot Record, but I guess the UEFI is smart enough to find OS's now. An update is not much different from updating a website or app in the sense that there are certain things you can update while the user is looking at it, and certain things you have to reload the website (restart the OS) for. An update basically just overwrites older files or adds some. It's not that complicated, really... 3 ) In deep-level programming, the developer can decide what types of commands to send to the CPU. The developer can decide how much memory to allocate, how much stuff to remember, what exactly to remember, etc etc... Intel and AMD cpu's have different ways of handling commands. They are, much like browsers, trying to be "smart". CPU's haven't really gotten much faster in hardware speed (MHZ) as you may have noticed the past 10 years. However, their performance keeps increasing; This is because of what they call the 'architecture', which basically means a tiny software layer which translates stuff into tasks for the CPU. We call this firmware. This, mch like the browsers in point 1, tries to predict stuff. Some CPU's do less but faster cycles (in the old days this was intel) where as some do slower cycles but with more calculations within said cycle (AMD in old days). This means any command has to "wait" until the previous cycle is done, but starting up a new one also costs time. So if you put a lot of calculations in one cycle as the developer, the slow-cycle one might handle it faster as you use the slow cycle to do more calculations. If you do a lot of small calculations instead, the smaller cycle will win because it's faster. ARM is basically a CPU without intelligence, meaning whatever the CPU does has to be software-managed, but it does save a lot of overhead as the CPU doesn't have to "think" before executing what you tell it to execute. Now that you've read all this, I have to admit to you that I have no idea what I'm talking about at all and probably not even half of what I said is true.
btw between 2080 TI second hand @ $810 or Zotac twin edge oc 3070 new with warranty @ $720 3070 better right? They both pretty same in 4k and 2k, right?
@@GamersGuard unless you need it right now, I would wait for prices to settle down. The 3070's price will drop back to MSRP after the holidays most likely. But yes, the 3070 should be equivalent or better in everything except VRAM.
@@hudsonr.218 already getting it so.. -) in this country prices remain higher on such parts even ex generation still $200 more expensive.... So what vram beenfit in 2080 TI vs 3070?
I think it's pretty clear that sponsorships are not actually recommendations, although I don't think they'll do sponsor spots for anything genuinely terrible.
Came here to say that. And I'm pretty sure he trashes wireless too. All well tho, just a sponsor. But me personally I wouldn't have contradicted myself so close together
@@tyklie01 I don't think he does trash wireless, at least not recently. I saw a video not long ago where he tested Logitech and Corsair gaming mice and their latency was on par with the wired counterparts and even much better than a cheap wired one
Free Tech Tip: If you have connected a lot of stuff (multiple M2 SSDs etc.) to your Mainboard and you want to find out if it hurts your GPU link, fire up GPU-Z and check the "Bus Interface" information. It should say @ x16. If it says @ x 8 then your GPU is sharing lanes with something else. This could be a reason for some performance loss on GPU side. You're welcome :)
@@bobbymois This means your GPU sits in a x16 slot, but it's only addressed with 8 lanes of PCIe 3.0 So maybe you have 2 nvme drives or other cards plugged in that take resources. A lot of mainboards have an overview about what shares which lanes. Maybe take a look at that.
Good tip. I just found out you might need to run the test from the "?" to get an accurate result though, because GPUs can shut off lanes/speeds. Mine did. A 1050ti, it said x8 x1.1 or something, after using the stress test its 8x 3.0. I think a 1050ti cant even use 16x anyway.
@@Lloyd.B. Nice sub-tip. The same thing happens with RTX 3080 - shows x16 1.1 a after running the render from the "?" it immediately changes to x16 4.0.
@@lukedk4614 Yes. Most boards have 1x16 or 2x8. Most boards that have 3 16 slots are 2x8 + 1x4 connected via chipset. Aren is talking about high end (HEDT) parts. With Crossfire and SLI being basically dead, 1x16 is more than enough for the vast majority of us graphics wise, although I suspect AMD and Intel will eventually move to 24, 28 or 32 non-southbridge lanes so as to support more NVMe direct to CPU.
@@lukedk4614 yes, it is, the board with x3 or more electrical x16 slots is tr or hedt intel, but there r some exceptions for normal 16 lane cpus of 3 electricals, 1 of em directed to chipset (to store a 4 ssd raid or stuff like that)
@@geofrancis2001 why hack up the card? it feels a bit easier to cut the stop out of the slot, you see that on a lot of server boards just no block at the end preventing you from inserting a bigger thing. Plus nVidia made some 1x quadros and gt710s for you there if graphics isn't critical for the application...
@@AmaraTheBarbarian low end graphics cards can be found for peanuts on ebay, and its much easier to saw a little bit of fibreglass off the end of the graphics card than cut the end off the slot without damaging the contacts on a much more expensive motherboard. they are all low end cards like gt610, hd5450, hd 6450, so trimming them to a 1x slot isnt going to effect their performance, they still work in 16x slots without any issue.
School's kind of worthless. I swear I'd only send my kids for a semester, here & there...just enough to make friends and be fluent in the culture, for lack of a better word.....then I'd have 'em homeschooled. I could school them 10X better with youtube alone. I wend to a decent public school and they spent (like$150 million?) On a new Jr High (7th/8th/9th grade, maybe 750 of us). They kept talking about these "college level chemistry labs" .......Then we just used the lab counters (counters that burn from nitric and maybe hydroflouric acid arent cheap!) as uncomfortable classroom desks to do busywork.
Very informative, thanks! I've built and rebuilt my PC many times now and yet I still didn't have a full understanding of how and where PCIe lanes route through.
If anyone from LTT sees this, I just want to say I appreciate you guys making videos like these, I bought a 990 pro at a great price a few weeks back, I put it in the second m.2 slot not realizing it’s probably making things slower. I now understand pcie lanes and I’m switching my m.2’s around. These videos really do help, keep up the great work! :)
About the mouse you mentioned at the end. I use a Bluetooth mouse with my laptop for the convenience of not needing a dongle but I don't really see much if any latency. It is one of those things most people might not even notice really. I have an HP XB4000 mouse and an Intel AX200NGW that I use for Bluetooth and WiFi. That card can be gotten cheaply but I mainly use it because it is a good one. It is not a tri-band card but it is WiFi 6 and I get a good fast connection 40 or 50 feet away on the other side of the house. This place is not small but a good TP-Link router seems to cover it well and without a horribly slow connection too! This was more about a mouse than anything and quickly expanded into other things.
@@AgtX999 Ahhh man, i used to have a 1mb graphics card and i went to my friends for a LAN party, i don't remember exactly which game we were playing (think it might have been Quake or Half Life) and the game juddered on my machine, then my friend installed i think it was a 4mb card and i was blown away with how amazing the game looked. All the textures looked quality :)
Good Information! Can you tell how the integrated graphics of CPU (SoC) is connected to the CPU? Do they also consume some lanes of PCIe? For example Intel CPU with integrated graphics.
Good breakdown of Mainstream boards. Limit to number of lanes and the connection to the chipset is another reason why PCIe 4 is so important. By being able to maintain and increase bandwidth without adding more lanes is much more important than saying it makes storage fast.
@@tasnimulsarwar9189 they can/do...and in the case of a budget board like a b550....you wind up siphoning the "limited" lanes garnered to cpu lanes...by taking 8x off GPU in order to widen PCI-e lanes to a multi/sata drive "build".....imagine that...buying a 2080ti to see it ran in 8x...on bios...bc youve populated too many Sata ports. JFC and i get it youd figure if you can afford a 2080ti or a 3070 you SHOULD be able to afford a x570 board instead....either way its not really a "CHOICE". Esp in terms of ITX when 200$ is a good B550i board but youre looking at 300+ for an x570 itx...or heaven forbid a z series intel itx board GOOD GOD
More of this kind of content please, it's really the kind of knowledge a lot of us are missing. I can and have put together my own computer. I feel quite confident in my knowledge in CPU, RAMs and Graphic Card but i lack in understanding mother boards and this kind of connections.
If Linus gave a shit about even trying to only endorse products he doesn't personally think are stupid and for chumps, he'd A) make slightly less money, something that is totally not on brand for him at all, and B) not do ads for VPNs like he has for years now.
wait... M.2 doesnt connect directly to the cpu but pci-e does... So should i not have my M.2 (970 evo) in the M.2 slot but rather on the M.2 Pci-e card that came with my motherboard? (MSI Z390 Godlike)? And if i do it like that will i be limiting my graphics card (2080ti) to only 8X speeds?
@@nielsarensman the problem with pci was that all the ports shared the same lane to the chipset. Though I guess they still do. AGP connected to the CPU iirc. Like the precursor to pcie.
im honestly surprised there was no mention of the common '16x slot that only has 4x capability' thing; that's definitely something that is rarely clear and many people don't realise.
Kinda why I went with Threadripper, I love having the PCI-e connectivity, I had the 5960x and while it had 40pcie lanes, it still had some weird routing and slow downs or it disabled something somehow that I needed or could use. This threadripper system I do with the Asus x399 Zenith Extreme would of had the option to turn the x8 slots into x16 so I would have to install my video card the way it is, but I got enough lanes to not slow anything down, especially storage.
@@sparhawk1228 Yes, and some of them lanes are dedicated to other parts of the system such as onboard wifi ect, i'm not sure how many lanes the chipset has, but it isn't much and can cause delays in some things though mostly irrelevant. I have a ton of high bandwidth pci-e devices where the 5950x would be fine for most of my wants, but I often over time find my self needing or wishing I had more PCI-E lanes. I had trouble with with Intel x99 with its 40 lanes and all of my nvme devices, and how the board was laid out. The 5950x would be fine for most users who just want to game with a few pci-e devices.
Bit pricey for a gamebox though, and probably not as good as the equivalent 3900x for games unless you go for the lower-end 3960x with its higher clock rates. Not to mention that even with boards like the MSI Creator TRX40, only two of the three onboard NVME slots are CPU-side. To get more CPU lanes to NVME drives, you have to use the riser the board comes with, and you have to be particular about which slot on the board it goes in and how it's configured. That said, I do enjoy having blink-and-you'll-miss-it load times and not caring how many tabs I have open. CPU video transcoding at ridiculous rates is nice, too. There's definitely advantages to be had from a whole bunch of PCIe lanes and 24 cores. You're just not likely to see them if your use-case is general Internet use and (most) games.
Is it just me, or is there now background music in these videos that sound like a heartbeat? My sub is telling me something is different. Also, great vid as always, but why didn't you address why there are limited PCIE lanes to the CPU?
It's so refreshing seeing Linus talk about something he's actually knowledgeable in for once. Any time he ends up in the workshop, I die a little inside.
Thanks for the nice breakdown. What exactly is a "lane"? Is it one pin coming off of the CPU? I also don't understand how these speeds are measured. What does a speed of 8x or 16x mean? what is the "x" unit measuring? If it's a multiplier as in "x times", what is it multiplying? In other words, it's 16 times what?
Linus and his team are some very intelligent people. I don't play on PC I'm just not smart enough for all that. I've learned everything I know about PC from this channel. But to go implemented in real life it's just something I don't think I can do. But I absolutely love the content of this channel and LTT
I.... never knew this. I have my good SSD on my chipset M.2 lane, in my mind, the reason was for thermals. It was AWAY from the graphics card. I will be swapping my PCIe Gen 3 and 4 M.2s. Thank you Linus!
I just asked for another great informative tech quickie video on the main channel and now I got one! Thanks, Linus! I own a medium-sized IT company and videos like these are good to send to people who ask me questions like "why doesn't this do this?"
SOmething I notice on a lot of MBs, is that the lower PCIe slots from the top one, have less pins in them. You can even see it on this board. the bottom slot is only an 4x pin set.
The long pcie slots are NOT all connected to the CPU, usually only the first 2 and the last is to the chipset. Just check the spec sheet of each motherboard to be sure how did the editor even mess this up? 2:38
Hey Linus, what happened to white background? Not complaining about the current styling but, it's a bit weird to see Techquickie without it since I bond to know Techquickie with plain white that blinds my eyes at night.
eGPU in 2020 update video. About the gaming performance on a x4 pci slot over thunderbolt 3. Measure the performance of a eGPU on build in laptop screen, external display and with different graphics cards. Go with an laptop which is sold as a eGPU compatible machine like a Lenovo Y740si-15 + Lenovo eGPU Boost station or Razer Blade Stealth + Razer Core X eGPU. Would like to see this!
The timing for this video is so perfect. I'm a teacher, can i use this video in class? or can i utilize certain images of the video (like the direct connection from the PCIex16 to the cpu) for my classes? what's the correct citing of copyright procedure to use these?
