Cerro Galan is a fascinating caldera which produced one of the planet's largest recent explosive eruptions. Due to the lack of vegetation at the altitude it is based, its complex has not been heavily eroded so its caldera outline it still quite visible (especially from satellite).
I love going to Google maps to see if I can find them after you point them out. This one is an easy one for once. Lol Thanks again for the great video!
I want to see you make a video about the volcanoes that made the Hawaiian island of Oahu. Over the last two years in the Waikiki and Manoa areas at times, when taking a shower, there is an overwhelming smell of Sulfur. Several residents has reported this mystery but maybe a video from you could give us some insight as what could be going on. Mahalo 🤙🏻
There is a volcano with very unusual behavior in South America is the Uturuncu volcano. I believe that in the future it will generate a caldera formation eruption.
Thanks for taking the time to make and post these videos. I've been a subscriber since the Hunga Tongan volcano erupted a couple months ago. We've been enjoying them very much!
Where did you come up with that 300 cubic KM measurement for a super eruption? Because I've always heard of 100-999 cubic KM as mega eruption, and super eruptions starting at 1000+ and up.
I really enjoyed this video thank you! Such a great use of time and all the 3d mapping tech we have available to us today. I did a minor in archaeology, and my profs never delivered so much content in such a succinct way.
future video idea: could you make a video of the Central Skåne Volcanic Province, a area off sweden that had volcanic activity for 100 million years ago
Could you make a video about the ancient volcano in Louisiana the door point? Also I'm glad we are communicating over Twitter because your the nicest dude I've ever met in my entire life
It's because of it's rarity, IIRC, there's only a dozen supervolcanoes that managed that feat, 2 in SA, 3 in NA, 2 in Oceania, and a few others, and there are hundreds of VEI 7 volcanoes, such as Campi Flegrei in Italy, so, you'd find out about VEI 8 only if you really looked for it, like I did. Side note, Cerro Galan is BIG, and it's not even in the top 10 of the biggest ones.
Technically speaking, the VEI can go as high as you can imagine. But because it is logarithmic, there is a practical, realistic limit to how huge eruptions can get, and VEI 10 is effectively considered to be apocalyptic. Each whole number of the VEI scale is an eruption 10 times more voluminous than the previous lower number.
VEI-7 eruptions are way more frequent thane VEI-8. The public tends to worry WAY too much about VEI-8 eruptions, and not nearly enough about VEI-7 eruptions. A VEI-7 can be a climate-altering, year or 2 without a summer-type event. So it's plenty bad, and as I mentioned, hugely more likely in the next 50 years or whatever, compared to a VEI-8.
@@cacogenicist Yes this is true, one highly active VEI-7 possible supervolcano is Campi Flegrei, on and off it keeps getting alerts, and I always say to people who are scared of volcanoes, there are higher probabilities of Earth getting hit by asteroids than a VEI-8 eruption, but there is a probability of a VEI-7 in the next 100 years or so. And you said about 1 or 2 years of years without summer? I'd say up to five, because Mount Tambora was a low-end VEI-7 and it caused a year, a "mid-end" VEI-7 could cause much longer lasting effects, and in today's world, that means war and famine, it hurts just to think about it.
I'd enjoy seeing future videos about Mt. Hakone/Ōwakudani and the other jigokudani "hell valleys" of Japan. They're really unique and accessible volcanic landscapes that I'd love to see someday
Is awesome here in argentina are active supervolcanos. I never thought about the geology of Latinoamérica un general. i'm so excited about learning the geology odityes of muy country. Thank you so much. You reborn my curiosity and pasión abaut geology. TwT
Awesome Video! The APMB/APVC will very soon lead to another massive supervolcanic eruption. Like what happened with the mid tertiary ignimbrite flare up in the Intermountain west. Likely a mantle wedge opened up, as currently the Pacific plate is subducting at one of the fastest rates ever observed on earth. This alone is feeding extra material into the Lithosphere, and also a mantle wedge is opening up. These Supervolcanoes will likely erupt again, as Unturuncu a Stratovolcano you covered is now the center of uplift as magma found a way through it's old conduits and is intruding into it's chamber. Supereruptions mostly form when Low-Silica Basalt-Andesite magmas mix with High silica Dacite-Rhyolite Chambers in large quantities, which causes the gases trapped to be released due to heat and magma mixing and over pressurize the volcano.
Greeting geology hub, awesome videos as always and i always dig it. Can i have a suggestion of video series where you explain the formation of many kind of geological structures (like how tectonic plates forms volcanoes, or the profile and creation of ring of fire and alpide belt, etc.) Thank you cery much, sorry for my bad english
I wonder if the next super eruption will come from a supervolcano we know about or one we have no idea exists and arnt paying any attention to its warning signs and will be caught 100% by surprise...
@metatech interesting thought. I think maybe supervolcano is more likely than larger asteroid or comet fragment impacts. We've just been so ultra lucky the last few thousand years with these type of events...a very unusual period of virtual peace from the planet and outer space. So we advanced enough to ponder it lol ironically if it does happen we'll lose all the tech to study it...our cave drawings will be the record we leave lol so the story our ancestors have will go > 🌋👀🏃♀️🔥🔥🌨☠️ with much worse drawings probably!
If by "super eruption" we mean a 1,000+ cubic km event, we probably have a good idea where those could possibly occur. A 3 or 400 cubic km event could _conceivably_ occur at a stratovocano without an apparent history of really nasty explosive eruptions -- but there will be warning signs at such a volcano, before it happens. **edited for clarity** If a VEI-7 sneaks up on us to some degree, likely it would happen at a really remote volcano that isn't monitored very well and hasn't been studied a great deal.
@@cacogenicist If such a scenario were to occur at a monitored stratovolcano, we may thankfully have about a couple years of a prelude to such a catastrophic caldera forming eruption, if we use Mt. Tambora for reference.
@@neo-didact9285 - Yes, that's a good thing. I wonder though if it will be totally clear that a Tambora or Mazama (or larger) is imminent, as opposed to a Pinatubo-scale eruption.
Can you suggest or produce a video instructing some beginners like myself on how the VEI index is made/used? Another inquiry would be to ask you about other videos describing what you might call mundane charts, listings, etc., that, to those of us not able to attend a geology class or college, how you determine when a caldera was formed or how long ago an eruption last take place on long silent calderas.
Perhaps you might look into Laguna Del Maule in the Andes of Central Chile? It looks like a volcanic field to me, note the plentiful lava flows around the lake and some craters here and there, but is it a supervolcano? Wonder if the nearby Laguna Fea is a part of it? South America's west coast line is littered nearly all over with volcanoes and calderas as far as I can make it out . . .
It would be cool if talk about volcanoes in El Salvador, in particular the volcanic fields on the west part of the country, izalco volcano, or the caldera crater lake volcanoes
@@rhuephus I'd be interested to see an in depth video as to why fracking causes earthquakes particularly in OK but not as frequently in other areas it's used.
According to your best guess, what volcanos have the highest likelihood of producing a VEI 6-7 eruption in the "near" future based on activity or unusual lack of activity? Also, along with that, whether or not any of those candidates would produce that level of an eruption in our lifetime.
Io Jima probably makes the list. I bet if you polled geologists, a large percentage would bet that that island will be obliterated inside of 1,000 years.
Towards the end of the video, you'd see Campi Flegri under "Minor Unrest". It could possibly be a near future eruption if it is under minor unrest on a watch list like that.
Something I've been thinking about. How empty does the magma chamber actually become? Watching some videos on Kilauea and the 2018 collapse, and it seems according to the gravity measurements that the chamber only achieved "emptiness" of a couple percent. Doesn't seem to me the overburdening material could support what the graphic shows, that of a massive cavern under the mountain. And yes, I understand it's a cartoon.
It probably isn't much maybe millimeters per year. More then that might suggest the magma plume rising and an eruption more likely. Nevertheless, if continues to rise that may increase to something more concerning. Obviously, some researchers are watching it.
Volcanic Explosivity Index not exclusivity. The Volcanic Explosivity Index is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Chris Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self at the University of Hawaii in 1982. Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations are used to determine the explosivity value. The scale is open-ended with the largest eruptions in history given a magnitude of 8. A value of 0 is given for non-explosive eruptions, defined as less than 10,000 m³ of tephra ejected; and 8 representing a mega-colossal explosive eruption that can eject 1.0×10¹² m³ of tephra and have a cloud column height of over 20 km. The scale is logarithmic, with each interval on the scale representing a tenfold increase in observed ejecta criteria, with the exception of between VEI-0, VEI-1 and VEI-2.Wikipedia
So they changed the category of supervolcano, back then it's onlu applicable to volcanoes that eruption 1000 cubic km, now it's only 400 cubic km. So there are more supervolcanoes still active now.
It’s still the same just people these days are calling them super volcanoes when there not plus the name super volcano is a media thing the right name is a caldera forming volcano.
The distance a pyroclastic flow can travel is dependent on terrain and since it is very mountainous around this volcano the pyroclastic flow will travel only so far even in a big eruption.
Dude I watch your videos everyday, love the content but man why do you end every sentence with a word that is so dragged out and stressed. It’s super distracting. “Cerro Galannnnnnnn” etc
