The Supervolcano in Chile; La Pacana 

Please make videos about Mount Asama, Mount Kirishima, and the volcanos of Makran Trench also there is some volcanism in tibet. I would love to know about them more from you.

Can you do a video on the Mogollon rim, and the uplift fault, here in AZ? I've always been curious of the range of possible earthquakes as I have family that lives about three miles below the rims edge.

Luckily those explosions happen when it happen. If it is today, can it be considered as a mass extinction event?

@@johnperic6860 yes, I can! I’ve driven by and worked in the area before.

Are you able to talk about the laguna del maule caldera? Its in the same region and has been showing tens of cm of uplift per year consistently. There is a public lecture on the subject on youtube, i believe its called "is a supereruption brewing in the andes?" Keep up the good work!

Watch the movie 2012 sci/fi movie. They show Yellowstone erupting. Pretty good CGI for when it was made.

Yeah, but I don’t know if that is accurate or not.

nah, not all of them. most of them are indeed related to the altiplano slab rollback, which iirc there are 4 massive magma bodies associated with, and there are really massive systems elsewhere in SA too.

The Huckleberry Ridge Tuff (2800 km^3 VEI 8 eruption) in Yellowstone was a bit similar. It had 3 distinct phases each separated by a few months to decades of only minor activity.

@@GeologyHub Oh yeah, I nearly forgot about the first Yellowstone eruption.

@@GeologyHub Didn't the Oruanui eruption of Taupo had different phases as well?

@@caiolucas8257 Yes, it actually had 10 phases.

Até onde eu sei ainda está em estudos, não se sabe se aquilo de fato é um super vulcão ou não.

i see someone's seen the old volcano cafe articles.

Yellowstone is simply the most visually stunning and known, Taupo, Toba and La Pacana have pulled out larger eruptions.

@@caiolucas8257 not taupo itself i don't think. i believe it was the older whakamaru system that did. and there was an even older system that i don't think we can find.

Those magma blobs were imaged via tomography. It is hard to infer much informations since we cant send observational probes down there.

The Indian ocean is interesting since the submarine ridge system there largely has become extinct or dormant for most of the Cenozoic with the Indian and Australian plates only becoming separate again a few million years ago driven primarily by the strains induced by the formation of the Himalayas. I wonder if there might be evidence for slow ridge/poor venting activity like Gakkel ridge and its associated calderas in the arctic. And if there aren't calderas there it raises the question of why?

That ocean is under explored, because it is geopolitically insignificant other than hosts several shipping trade network.

That part of the ocean is where MH370 likely is.

They cannot diffuse the silica back into the crust, but if new magma from the mantle intrudes the lava can drop in overall silica content temporarily. It can also form layers of differential silica contamination in the magma chamber.

So silica contamination only increases except when diluted by new magma? That's interesting.

As Conner Perkins said the silica doesn't really diffuse back into the crust as for that to occur you would need the magma to become supersaturated in silica which doesn't really naturally occur on Earth to our knowledge since the bulk of Earth's interior is low silica material with the high silica crust being effectively buoyant lower density silicate rock analogs of glaciers or icebergs at sea. You can to some extent return silica to the crust by having a silica rich pluton cool into granite but that means that the rock slush has solidified so for volcanic activity to continue you would need a new separate magma intrusion.

Bueno, al menos es tranquilizante saber que este supervolcán no va a entrar en erupción pronto.

Hot spring also exist in Singapore, which currently in the middle of Sundaland. Considering the Malay peninsula was the result of ancient tectonic bucling up, it is creepy to find out what produce that hot spring.

While it is impossible under normal circumstances this looks to have actually happened in response to the Chicxulub impact 66 million years ago. Granted we only know this was true for Earth's mantle connected volcanic systems(a those are much better preserved and located but while more continental systems may have had an associated delay it would still likely have applied there was well. Granted the stimuli needed to produce such a global scale eruptive pulse would based on precedent have much more far reaching consequences than just triggering all volcanoes to erupt as the disappearance of the nonavian dinosaurs and other large fauna attests it does mean the principal isn't truly impossible. What likely plays a far larger role in shaping the motions and structure of the continents in geological time is the shift in active regions due to the planets balance between divergent and convergent boundaries being largely conserved. There do seem to be some changes linked to the Chicxulub impact for example eruptive activity along the Caribbean ridge system ceased after this pulse ending seafloor spreading between the Americas while subduction continued driving North and South America to get closer and closer over the Cenozoic eventually reconnecting. Though it is hard to prove that that only happened because of the impact and associated subsequent eruptive pulse the timing does line up quite well. Most such reshuffling in tectonic boundaries in geologic time are mere generally linked to the termination of subduction zones.

Wow! That is awesome knowledge and very interesting! Thank you. You geologist minds blow my mind! Excuse the pun ! 😃☺️

I don't even fear something on that magnitude, we've only faced "recently" a low end VEI-7 and that was bad enough, imagine a low end VEI-8.

The Huckleberry ridge eruption is not even the largest Yellowstone eruption, the largest Yellowstone is now the Grey’s Landing Supereruption.

the hot springs are pretty cold. also the post caldera eruptions are really old. most likely, there's no actual melt associated with the local magma chamber left. the couple springs are likely just pumping heat from slowly cooling rock left over.

@@etherealswordsman3214 based on what was presented here via the map and from a bit of googling I suspect that its extinction is probably because the Lascar vent took over as the main eruptive vent for both gases and molten rock it appears to be along the rim of the larger caldera which seems to be a reoccurring theme with large caldera complexes with the volcano having a steady eruptive history of predominately vulcanian eruptions the most recent of which spanned from 2015 to 2017 and documented eruptions going back to Spanish conquest of the region (I would be willing to bet native records go back further though the knot writing analogs of the Inca and related cultural groups seem to have been largely lost). Regular eruptions there offering a path of least resistance from the underlying magma chamber could very well be what killed the larger complex since without the long build ups the material can't build up into highly silica rich rhyolite rich in gases.

@@Dragrath1 your most likely correct for la pacana itself. However, the Altiplano Puna ignimbrite flare up as a whole also shouldn't have much time left as a flare up. It's powered by a process called slab rollback, and eventually this process will end, leaving a normal chain of volcanoes behind. Slab rollback should already be ending, as far as we can tell

@@etherealswordsman3214 Well that is true according to the slab rollback hypothesis for ignimbrite flare ups but it isn't necessarily correct just our current best guess. In fact there was a recent paper which was linked during Nick Zentner's recent Eocene series which at least on the basis of data from North America dating igneous and volcanic rocks coupled with seismic tomography suggests a new paradigm is needed as several proposed explanations for volcanism slab windows, slab breaks and slab rollback as currently developed don't really fit the data and or aren't physically sound based on what we have observed. It does look like a new paradigm is developing which sees the oceanic "plates" as features extending far deeper into the Earth down at least to the Mantle Transition Zone with the crust being the uppermost exposed regions and slabs being just the uppermost layer of these deep cells. Also given the work that is also going on related to better understanding the tectonic processes of our twin planet Venus namely the emerging "pack ice" model of Venusian tectonics based on identification of a pattern of relatively smooth terrains bordered by thin boundaries with extensive sheering and compression that can be distinguished by the apparent folding lineations in the best old surface data as zones of transpression and transtension in particular with relatively unaltered interiors. It will be interesting to see how our understanding changes in the coming decades.

An 8, but it's kinda complicated, there are very few VEI-8 volcanoes, if there were many of them maybe there would be a VEI-9 given the insane power of some eruptions. To answer your question, the biggest eruption is tough to crack, Toba's youngest eruption has a high end estimate that is ABSURD pulling out over 12 000 cubic kilometers of mateiral, but that's just a very high estimate and there's no consensus. Then the other contenders: Flat Landing Brook which may have been multiple eruptions not a single one. Wah Wah Springs and La Garita both over 5000 cubic kilometers of material ejected. And Parana-Etendeka, Siberian and Deccan traps which most likely are in their own categories, flood volcanism is a different category.

Paul Bunyan and Big Blue Babe

@@rhuephus OK

Erosion from a lake that drained and formed the Colorado river

This is purely subduction. specifically a process called slab rollback. this process is rather good at making large ignimbrite flareups

@@etherealswordsman3214 thanks!

flood basalt are still mysterious about what causes them to arise, some apparently happened by hotspots, others there is no indication that it happened in Siberia, for example, some theories talk about the large mantle plumes that rise from the core and thus generate the flood basalts, I recommend checking out an article on large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs).

@@rafaelvalimfernandes well, also a flood basalt requires, well, basalt. silicic provinces don't have a prayer of qualifying. although sometimes the flood basalt will become silicic... looking at you, yellowstone...

Human caused C02 doesn’t help .

Nuclear attack. A Supervolcano erupting would kill millions, while a nuclear war would kill hundreds of millions to billions

I remember hearing about supereruptions killing billions. Are those claims exaggerated

For one plate tectonics and two the Earth goes through long phases of cooling then warming. I would gander that we are approaching a warming phase.

Because they're rare? We don't know all reasons of course, but we do know it's a very rare event for a VEI-8 happen. VEI-7s are more common and even then those eruptions are considerably rare compared to 6, 5 and 4.

They typically only occur once or twice every 100,000 years, the last one was roughly 27,000 years ago at Lake Taupo in New Zealand

well .. if you can provide videos from millions of years ago, please post them

some people aren't happy unless they have something to b**** about

nbdgaf