Why Do You Lose DNA Every Time Your Cells Divide? 

Ugh I knew somebody was gonna dunk on me if I didn't re-record that line -_-

Love this!❤

It's funny because in the 8 days since you left this comment--the algorithm really started picking up this whole channel. Just in time for me to launch season 2 next month. Kudos!

@@Clockworkbio the algorithm really seems to like you now because i just got recommended your video on atp synthase and was blown away by your great videos and how they were missed. at the same time i was kinda sad when i saw that the last upload has been 3 years so hearing abvout season 2 is great news! Great content! Thank you

Best find of 2024🎉

​@@Clockworkbio i got your videos recommended too and i shared link to them with a friend

We are eagerly waiting for season 2!!!

I mean, most software is just that "It just works" until it breaks for a stupid reason that's written in it, yet comes out unexpected

True

If that's the case, why do we get less stem cells as we grow older, but the useless shit like nails and hair keeps growing?

​@@narrativeless404 Your skin, hair and nails also grow thinner(one of the reasons causing balding) and why old people has skin that tears easier. There are a couple of reason the main one is this: Changes in Stem Cell Microenvironment: Stem cells reside in specialized microenvironments within tissues known as niches. The aging process can alter these niches, affecting the signals and support structures that regulate stem cell function. Changes in the stem cell microenvironment can impair stem cell activity and reduce their regenerative potential. If you want the other reasons too just say and I will comeback but the answer will be around 4x as big

@@nicholasfigueiredo3171 Yes, i know But they do somewhat still grow as far as I know Nah, I'm good with that, thanks 👍

@@narrativeless404 Even though stem cells have telomerase and can in theory divide forever, they aren't invulnerable. Other factors can impact their ability to divide, and they can get damaged, and killed, by other things. Replacing lost stem cells still requires energy and time (and most stem cells are SLOW dividing cells.They actually take more time to divide and replace themselves than many other cell types, even if they have the capacity to do so without a numerical limit), and as we get older our ability to provide that energy and time diminishes, for a variety of reasons. As a result the rate of stem cell loss eventually exceeds the rate of stem cell replacement, so total stem cell numbers go down. Hair and nails, on the other hand, aren't made of cells, but rather BY cells. They are composed on non-living materials that certain cells produce and secrete, and assemble into the hair and nail structures outside of the cells. So their continued growth is not directly dependent on continued cell division. So long as the cells making the hair and nails are still around, alive, and doing their thing, they will make more hair and nail materials, and the hair and nails will grow, even if the cells themselves aren't dividing into more cells.

True Shit's getting corrupted eventually still So does that mean senescence is just a stupid glitch with no purpose?

There are potential medical ideas around it. Maybe we copy a person's DNA into artificial storage, then medical aging reversal by artificially infusing cells with the original DNA and long telomeres into your body. It would require regular medical treatments, but I'd be ok with that.

A big issue with those mouse studies is they use breeds that have unusually short lifespans compared to a normal mouse. This makes sense, as otherwise studies would take 2-3x longer than they could have. The issue is, a lot of these studies aren’t reproducible in the native mouse breeds that have a normal lifespan, which throws into question whether these sorts of treatments have a fundamental benefit, or are only counteracting the accelerated aging of those certain breeds.

yes it isnt enough, other than DNA damage theres also epigenetic alteration due to side effect of DNA repair process, so suppres DNA damage itself still not suificient, we need to keep everything back after some shit strike

Antidepressants do nothing for existential dread. That's the kind of thing you just have to come to terms with by reshaping your cognitive beliefs. Trust me I've been on em. Antidepressants also don't keep me from being depressed about as often. It just makes depression more of an empty numbness instead of a crushing unbearable weight of suffering. If you're managing to just numb that out, what else are you numbing out? Antidepressants are good for not killing your self but they won't really change your outlook on life.

@@Dude8718 I respect your experiences, especially given how often the experiences of someone on an antidepressant will be both subjective and vary wildly between different modes of effect, but I gotta say that your experience here isn't quite universal (though it is likely quite common and worth respecting). It is definitely worth pointing out though, since a good few folk are just... very resistant to most practical antidepressants and share the experience you describe. Your experience sounds reasonably similar to my first time on an antidepressant - a first-line SSRI - and i stopped that one a year in after determining it wasn't helping and i felt just numb and empty. other lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, etc were more effective as they often will be, though i struggled to make those changes due to the combination of mental effects i was fighting. I would like to add that I've tried three different medications - two were SSRIs which for me didn't really help much, and then after some deep research into modes of effect, and a year of being absolutely crippled with existential crisis related panic attacks (despite extensive therapy and genuine effort) I took a chance on a SNRI based solely on an ADHD friend who had a good experience with one and, honestly, because i had nothing left to lose. It has a couple side effects but i can live with them - and i was fortunate enough that by 4 weeks in i was genuinely noticing a huge positive change. Intrusive existential dread and panic attacks started rapidly becoming easier to channel and diffuse, coming less often and with less severity, without crippling my emotions at all. It absolutely saved my life, and enabled me to start making exactly those changes to lifestyle and mindset that you mentioned helping you. It was literally a night and day difference and without it I have zero doubt that I'd be just as crippled now as I was before i tried it. It takes a lot of patience, trust and luck to get access to an antidep that actually helps for a lotta folk, and while some folk aren't able to, sometimes it's worth trying a different kind to see if there's a difference.

@@Dude8718 the tl;dr is: it absolutely worked for me, but only after i switched from SSRI to SNRI out of desperation. If you've tried both and had equally bad experiences on both, i feel for ya, that sucks :c

Don't worry too much,,, be happy the universe gave u a chance to experience life happiness and fulfillment,,,,, with time you will realise how much potential you have and how much positive stuff life has to offer,, A lot of times it's about the mindset one has. , If one thinks life sucks and everything is useless, life will suck, you will not even get a chance to see the good because youre seeing life through a polarising fulter that cuts out the happy stuff, , if one tries to see the good, if one tries to be humble, without letting the ego dissatisfy you about everything and ruin everything, you will learn to accept yourself , the world , life is not fair , but you will be grateful for what you have. Sorry, I don't know you but I just wanted to help, if this made you feel bad, ignore what I said

@@emigoldber this is really well spoken

Thank you so much! Completely blown away by the response from the rest of nerdfighteria! Hope you like the rest of them too!

love the script as well.. connecting humane and human..

@@Clockworkbio remember you human species with a bit broken and beautiful DNA... you deserve this.

Miss you bud. Hope you start posting again soon!

​@@Clockworkbioyikes! Telemere transplant?

Yep It mocks religion What about that?

Here's another one from me

Take mine too

Oh my god you have no idea how valuable this comment is. I've been so nervous posting on r/mealtimevideos because I have no idea if this style will be valuable to anyone outside of the bio subreddits. Thank you so much for being so generous with your time. I won't forget this.

Oh dang I remember OBSESSING over this when I was writing the script. I've been working so much on plant biology that it kinda pushed the memory of this out of my head. Let me roll through my research and I'll reply again!

I think that telomerase is functional in gametes and not functional in somatic cells? Just guessing.

You're right on the money. Basically telomerase is only active in gametes and cancerous cells, with very little expression in somatic cells (possibly haematopoietic stem cells and activated B-cells).

@@Tinky1rs Could telomerase help with anti-ageing then or would that just leave us too susceptible to cancer?

@@kafuuchino3236 probably both, so it'll have to be very speciically delivered and dosed. I see more possibilities for regrowing nerves and tissues with telomerase than fighting all encompassing ageing.

Naw friend--you're just beating the algorithm! RU-vid is slow, but fair enough eventually. Feel free to share this video around if you want to help push the algo in the right direction!

telomerase is especially expressed in gametes =)

The only reason the videos are resurfacing right now is because season 2 is coming out in June!

@Clockworkbio That's great news! I didn't dare to hope that, I thought you must be busy with some kickass project. But how is it possible for the old videos to resurface now? Is it because of new scheduled videos?

The AAAAAA sequence you're thinking of is the Poly-A tail, which gets added to the 3' end of mRNA after eukaryotic transcription. I can definitely see why it's easy to get confused between the two haha-- they're both sequences that are "added" after a polymerization reaction regarding DNA

Happy to help! Feel free to drop another comment if you'd like some follow-up resources or want a deeper dive!

No, it was mainly due deaths of infants and toddlers. They just get sick a lot, everywhere.

I can confirm the narrator has significantly reduced their caffeine intake before recording all future videos and is recording these at a more measured pace.

In order to make sure that I'm making videos that are actual valuable to folks teaching Biochem--I had to make the transition to animating in 3d. That took WAY longer than expected. But I am making new videos and Season 2 will launch in June. See you then!

And all I gotta do is keep up with your upload pace and then we'll REALLY be in business. Thanks so much--it really means a lot. I love this comment section so much--check out all these biotubers y'all!

Cancer is cells that both induce greater formation of blood vessels, and turn off apoptosis-related genes. They hog your energy. Consciousness happens to be a brain's self monitoringin relation to novel sensory information, and when parts of a brain die, self-monitoring diminishes until cessation. There is NO consciousness outside that monitoring of change, even when consciousness is described as actions in a single cell, which consciousness can be described as continuing organized metabolism. Pain is a brain's monitoring of hpc neural reports of toxic heat, toxic cold, and toxic pressure or pinch. Glutamate signaling to other neurons, activating certain connected cells in specific parts of a brain, are involved in pain sensing. There is NO separate recognition or separate consciousness. This is why psychopaths and narcissists will NEVER imagine nor feel your pain for you. If you have ever been healing from injury or surgery, drugs interfering with pain sensing block it. From the comment, a few more years of biology, from atomic charges up through experiments and records of brain lesions are in order for its writer.

You just asked an awesome question that leads to hundreds of other really interesting little problems. Keep asking that same kind of question enough and you'll end up with a PhD in Molecular Biology or something.

You're doing God's work, purple. Thanks so much for the help!

Just doing my part :P

God's work?? Interesting comment from a neodarwinist@@Clockworkbio

Explanation of what?

@@xyz8697 Explanation for mechanisms that cause aging.

@@user255 I don't think he was talking about the mechanism, he gave the mechanism in the first half of the video and even then, he mentioned that it could just be a whole big coincidence. The statement about life expectation in itself isn't an explanation but a supportive argument saying 'If you look at it from the evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that our cells are only trying to get us to the point when we're old enough to reproduce'. This is what I interpreted, I'd love to know why you said what you said.

If the telomere's nucleotides do not make a functioning gene, it does not contain "instructions" You haven't solved anything at all.