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What are probiotics?
Probiotics are live bacteria that are considered “good,” or beneficial for your body’s functioning and your health. Many probiotics are similar to bacteria that are naturally living in your body. You may already be consuming some of these good bacteria if you eat fermented products, such as:
yogurt
some cheeses
some pickled vegetables
The concept of consuming more good microbes to aid health has been discussed since the early 1900s.
The term “probiotics” is relatively new. It’s a combination of the Latin word for “for” and the Greek word for “life.”
Why are probiotics beneficial?
Your bowels host an estimated 100 trillion microorganisms from more than 500 different species, according to Harvard Medical School.
Your mix of bacteria is unique, like your fingerprint. Sometimes, illness or stress can change the bacterial balance and create digestive and other problems.
Probiotics work by changing the composition of your gut bacteria or the metabolic activity of existing bacteria.
The good bacteria crowd out the bad in your intestine. This prevents the bad bacteria from multiplying and causing infection or inflammation.
For example, too much yeast in the body can lead to a yeast infection, but the well-balanced gut biome will keep yeast at lower levels.
Probiotics may help your digestion and enable your body to extract nutrients from your food.
Good bacteria may also produce enzymes or proteins that inhibit, or even kill, harmful bacteria. Specific species of probiotics also stimulate your immune system.
What are prebiotics?
Prebiotics are essential to a healthy microbiome. In simple terms, they’re nutrients that get broken down by gut bacteria.
Bacteria in the large intestine ferment prebiotics. This releases byproducts called short-chain fatty acids.
These byproducts act as energy sources for the cells lining the colon, called colonocytes, and benefit health in many other ways .
Prebiotics also influence the makeup and function of gut bacteria, promoting the growth of beneficial microbes.
Most prebiotics are considered carbohydrates.
However, some prebiotics are not classified as carbohydrates. Cocoa flavonols are an example of non-carbohydrate oligosaccharides.
Although prebiotics are often confused with probiotics, they are not the same. Probiotics are live microorganisms found in your gut, certain foods, and supplements that benefit health when taken in certain amounts.
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1 мар 2022
