125mm HE vs SPACED ARMOUR | 3OF19 High Explosive Armour Penetration Simulation 

Overpressure video in the future??

3OF26 has changeable fuse sensitivity. On most sensitive setting it will immediately detonate up upon impact with thin window glass. On least sensitive setting it has a slight detonation delay and will blow up only after partially passing through a brick wall or thin armor of an APC. Sensitivity is changed by adjusting the nose cap or completely removing it. With least sensitive setting that thin spaced armor may not save the vehicle crew.

As a fellow Loughborough student with similar interests, coming across these videos has been a blast. Can't wait for more.

Finally!!! Dream came true. HE simulation!!! Now its with heat and hesh which are more difficult…… Thanks fornur videos sy

damn, I can't wait for the HEAT one. keep up the good works!

This is one of the coolest channels on youtube! It is so very interesting to see!

Thank you for the superb video! Here is hoping for more! Would love to see HESH simulations, but overpressure is also something I would love to see! Keep up the great work!

Thank you much for the content and the way it's presented. Some other channels seem to cut off the latter part of the projectile penetration too soon.

Would be great to see how pressure wave breaches through the gap in the armour taking that the model is sealed and not a single part of the armour.

These sims show really well how much armor degrades tho. Like in a lot of these cases even if the armor would survive a hit from a single HE round, shooting a second round in the same area would probably be a pen. Plus the armor deformation could cause issues with allignment of stuff in the tank like the turret drivetrain, gunlaying or squish the optics.

The cavity should be filled with small lengths of soft metal chain that are affixed to the armor but able to flail around. This strategy works well to dissipate kinetic energy. Try throwing a towel through a bead curtain, similar idea. The chains or ropes fly around and maybe even detach but that's all energy that doesn't go toward penetrating the armor.

Nice video, as always

These are awesome. I would love to see one simulating the armor penetration of high explosive fragments from further away. Artillery HE commonly functions 7m above the target and wouldn’t do much to a tank, but would the fragments penetrate the 10-30mm RHA on an IFV or APC?

The amount of protection offered by any spaced armor is always dependent on the depth of the air gap and the base 'witness plate' plus the effectiveness of the outer plate to initiate the whole process.

I know nothing about projectiles and armor but this is enlightening.

love your work

Please do a giant rubber bullet shot from a tank gun vs armor

One small additional note: The US Navy nose-fuzed shells were test projectiles without the Auxiliary Detonating Fuze (ADF) safety second fuze located i9n WWII Service rounds between the external nose fuze and the booster charge used to set off the projectile detonation. In those usual designs, the ADF acted like a very short delay between the nose fuze working and the shell exploding. This delay would not affect slow-moving shells or very high-speeds shell much since their time of detonation would already be before or after the nose has punched a deep pit or hole into the plate hit. For intermediate speeds, though, the thickness of plate penetrated when an ADF was present is slightly or even significantly thicker than a shell without an ADF. So there are two separate lines for ADF/no ADF in the middle V range that merge at the upper and lower V values.

Any chance of a HESH vs HE test?

Very interesting, thanks very much

I would appreciate it if you were to let the clips of the simulation play out more fully, to the point where most things stop moving so we can see the full effect For example with the HE shell impacting the spaced armor, it created a huge dent in the thick armor and I would have liked to see exactly how much it would have done if you were to keep the simulation running for a little while more.

The Iowa-class battleships kinda had this with their internal armor belt. The advantage was that could cause AP shells to strip off their penetrator early and then fail to penetrate the main armor. The downside was that the outer "skin" of the ship was easy to penetrate even with relatively small guns and potentially cause flooding and if the belt sustained any damage it was more difficult to repair. What would have been the succeeding class to the Iowa, the Montana, was intended to go back to a conventional external belt.

Great video. 👍🐦🐦

i'm here studying for my WOT grind

In 5 years I will be here again.

it would be very intersting to see the difference with a tandem charge, such as exists on stuff like the TZ3A2 missile of south africa, or on later models of TOWs

I think you should have added in the tail assembly for full accuracy. Also to check to see if there would be a difference.

Good ole Hesh rounds simple in design but ingenious

Amazing!!!

fun fact: the more angled the plate is the more penetration the high explosive shell gets as the shrapnel mostly focuses onto the sides so watch out for big caliber HE shells m1a2 abrams if they hit you upper plate your pretty much dead but the shell would actually ricochet to the lower part of the turret and the side shrapnels would kill the driver or even injure the turret crew but theres not much lethality so they would not die except they would have leg injuries

my good sir, you have found your money maker in RU-vid if you keep this up.

Can you do underwater simulation? I was sinking about submarines with double hull, HE dept charges, shaped charged torpedos.

Can you do a simulation of various armaments against metal foam?

Can you do large and small EFP? Great work btw.

has there ever been a shell/rod that burrows into the armor detonating from the inside instead of on the outside of the tank armor? like it's sole purpose is to create a spherical crater inside the armor possibly creating a somewhat large hole in the armor?

Would be interesting to see a comparison to 122 mm HE-FS, without a fuse.

Would be interesting to see a heat fs round that is designed as a shape charge

Hey show us entire simulation please its really not satysfying when you end the animation instantly after penetration. I would like to see few seconds after the penetration please so make the simulation 3 seconds longer after penetration

Awsome. Wondering much of an effect this thing would have over rooftop components.

should have shown with thin rubber spall liner, how that deals with pressure dissipation

Can you do this kind of simulation with same shell against armor behind cage against cumulative rounds?

For a moment I was a bit confused, like wouldn't a 125 mike mike HEAT blow thru such little armor like it wasn't there? Even with the spacer? Like where was the molten copper explosively formed penetrator? And then I noticed why there wasn't the EFP.... I re-read the title and realized I was mentally adding the "AT" part and this was only HE not HEAT lol which makes a lot more sense hahaha

If possible, can you simulate Nozh and Duplet (Basically 3 layers of Nozh stacked together) ERA on the Oplot tank vs APFSDS?

yo its 5 am, why tf im watching this,i already promise to myself to sleep 3 hours ago, pls i need sleep

dear sir . can you show a simulation of pbx 9502 around a hollow sphere of plutonium of a nuke pit

how about 37.5 RHA with the same round detonated 125mm away? I always wonder whether the predetonation or the spaced structure is the more effective part.

i don’t know how i got here but i’m glad i did

There is clearly still energy in motion during the spaced armor simulations.

how well would a theoretical gel type armor work

After the adrenaline wears off , heaven help you.

In which program you make those simulations

Using US Navy and German Army documented tests of their nose-fuzed HE shells (German using TNT and US using ammonium picrate, termed "Explosive 'D'"), the Special Treatment Steel (BHN 225 version of US Navy WWII deck armor plate steel) was, if the shell was just stationary and its nose touching the plate, 0.156 x projectile diameter D for the fragments moving sideways when the plate was hit a a very shallow angle. In this 125mm HE shell case, this would be only 19.5mm. On the other hand, if the projectile was moving forward at a high speed, this velocity would increase the depth of the hole made, though narrow it due to the shell diameter being smaller than the projectile-length oval hole blown in a plate by a hit in the above paragraph. In this case, the velocity of the shall and its diameter are the main inputs, assuming a super-quick impact nose fuze and a typical HE shell 3-3.5-caliber projectile length (weight is not an input, assuming a middle-of-the-road design). The angle of impact is merely taken into account using an average of 0-45 degrees (0 being right-angles) having no significant effect, on the average (based on several projectile designs, averaged out) and over 45 degrees handled by multiplying the formula answer by COS[2 x (Obliquity Angle - 45 deg)]. The formula I worked out is: Thickness Penetrated T (caliber or larger hole made by nose and blast in the forward direction) = [2,576 x 10^(-20)] x D x V^5.6084, where4 V is in feet/sec (multiply m/sec V by 3.28084 to get the feet/sec V to use here). The minimum plate penetrated would be the 0.156 x D for blast along and no velocity. This is 19.5 mm here. For example, 850 m/sec = 2789 feet/sec V. So using 125mm and a 60-degree tilted-back plate in the single plate impact shown, The angle multiplier is COS[2 x 60( - 45)] = COS[30] = 0.866 while the right-angle formula gives T = 125 x 2. 576 x 10^(-20) x (2789)^5.6084 = 67.8 mm x 0.866 = 58.7 mm of STS. RHA might be stronger and reduce this somewhat. Thus, this projectile moving that fast will penetrate rather a significant single thickness of armor, even at a 60-degree angle from square-on. This matches your video.

I wonder if the cavity must/must not be ventilated

Will you do more HE models???

I'm still waiting for my armor suggestion vs 3BM59 round from 1km. The armor specs (simple version angled in 45°) is: 50mm steel 500 bhn, 50mm boron/tungsten carbide, 25mm 600bhn steel, 30mm uhmwpe, 50mm steel 600bhn.

I wish these simulation channels would leave the image on the screen a little bit longer after the simulation ends so we can see what it looks like. Or better yet, keep the simulation going for a little bit after the armor is penetrated/not penetrated

127mm air gap is a decent size, yet the 125mm HE still did a lot of damage. I guess you'd want a bit thicker main plate in general...

Penetration = it can make a crater/hole but doesnt go all the way through perforation = it makes a hole all the way through apparently this is an important distinction for tank ammo that too many games etc. get wrong and ppl have screamed at me before about it coz some people are that obsessed with it, but if its for a presentation kind of video it might be more points to make the distinction and theres probably a bunch more words for HE ripping a hole through that i dont know, but good video, what would a baguette do to a tank travelling at like mach 5?

Could you please simulate HESH round impact?

Have you tried to do a simulation with HESH?

smaller caliber weapons against body armor simulations?

i would have liked to see the gasses simulated too

Have you taken into account the delay of the fuse?

Imagine you are near that explosion... That would be so hurt

Nobody: Nothing Me at 3am: I don't need sleep I need answers!

"Gasses expand in the cavity" Relatable

How about simulating the impact of a hypersonic kinetic energy missile? Like the LOSAT system Length: 2,870.2 mm Diameter: 161.8 mm Weight: 78.9kg Speed: up to 1,524 m/s

i thought this was a shitpost, i find myself pleasantly surprised

Thanks Wat thunder

The 125mm HE rd is quite powerful during the test firing by the hungarian t72 tank against t34.the HE rd completely ripped off the chassic frontal armour plate.

Would it help if the air gap was compartmentalized and placed under a few bars of pressure? When the first plate it pierced, it could act a bit like ERA and put counter-pressure on the exploding gases?

guys is it possible to create animations like in this video myself?

What would a 155mm artillery shell directly fired at a tank do ?

Why air pressure occurred behind the plate before it was breached? Is this because the simulation only includes a small part of the armour? Great simulation otherwise, thank you!

Как же у тебя задняя часть снаряда продолжает движение вперед после взрыва когда все должно разлетаться в разные стороны

Do not understand why bottom of shell still moving forward after explosion.

Stupid question : What does the list on the top left mean exactly? I mean ... i can extrapolate the vague meaning of it. It has something to with acceleration, forces neutralising each other or some other interaction with the material. But id spend a lot of time googling it and verifying wether what i found actually is the answer to my question. So ... if anybody could clarify any details to me, id be greatful =) for example : - i see 2 + signs in each row and what does the "e" stand for? - i dont see the logic behind the order of the numners, or do 2nd additions play a role in it? (the +08 to +10 at the end of the rows) - "Avg 75%" - what does this mean

Does HEAT round has a spalling?

sir, on which site can we find the ammunition diagram you shared in your video?

What is this software you are using ??

nice

I doubt this is a realistic simulation. Have you tried to compare this with experimental results?

Я не специалист. Мне просто интересно. В этом видео точно показана детонация? Я вычитал что детонация в среднем происходит со скоростью 8000-9000 метров /секунда. А такой снаряд летит гдето 900 метров/секунда. А в видео детонация немного быстрее снаряда.

How do you combine the fluid dynamic simulation with the structural one? Do you run both at the same time? FEM or FVM method?

Well, definitely spalling occured, so crew would have a hard time...

What it the spaced armour has preassurized canisters inside the space that will preassure outwards?

was that mean spaced armor built to trigger the explosion prematurely before reaching the "main plate"? '-')

Wath is programm?

Ah yes, armored air.

What is "blast energy". In this instance is it just compress air slamming on something?

I am curious about how much armor do you need to defeat a 155mm he round

What do you use to simulate these?

What software do you use?

Could you simulate a prince Rupert's drop vs a bullet? Or do you need a quantum computer for that 😂

French CN 105-57, as mounted on the Israeli Super Sherman, vs a T-54, 62

very interesting test. I've been seeing lots of report of Russian troop carriers in Ukraine using logs on the outside of their vehicles for this purpose. I wonder if it has been working.

What software?

Do 155mm vs t90

What if there was some stiffener-ribs ?? like 5 x 50 mm plates welded behind

yeah uuuh pretty sure that penned if you ran the sim for another 15 seconds