I have a castle 2028 1100kv, I put ceramic bearing in and when I removed the back of the motor, there was a very small screw loose just bouncing around. A screw from the sensor had come out. I used loctite to make sure it doesn't come out again.
Doesn’t sound like motor went “Bad”, on the contrary it sounds like you thoroughly used it. Interesting to see you dissect the motor and hear your theories. Good to see your efforts weren’t in vain. Monitoring temps. a heat sink and or cooling fan set up may be advisable in the future to keep those pesky motor destroying temps down a bit.
Wire B or the middle wire over heated to the point where the solder melted the re solder job was neither nice or solid if ran again the same way the melting point will happen sooner than the first time also never full throttle under no load can damage both motor and ESC.
Those little dark hard blobs on top of the rotor, those are for balancing the rotor, do NOT remove them lol. And that washer that's bent, that's how it's supposed to be, it's a spring steel tension washer.