Cambridge Mathematician Reacts to 'Animation vs Physics' 

u are feeling emosional becoz its a story about life and birth. nut just Phys..

Agreed!

Here to hear your, Ellie’s, thoughts on this video. If we wanted to watch it without pauses we can watch the original.

thank you everyone 🥹

exactly would rather her pause and say what she wants to say than speak while the video is playing and miss something important. there are some reaction youtubers who refuse to pause or rewind and miss out on important things when they are talking and its really frustrating.

i find it less frustrating than those who pause every few seconds and speak so much because as a result the miss the overarching themes but Ellie definitely strikes the balance perfectly@@Fennalope

He was helping himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole... Textbook time loop.

More like there are multiple versions of him. Each from a loop. And at the end of the loop, one of them leaves, and the other takes its place...and waits for the next version to come...

The end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end (then Stanley hits the button)

One thing of note, all time-loops start at a point when the character does something to start the loop, makes a "choice", think of it this way, the first Orange arrived to the universe, hit a planet, or maybe he just drifted through space for a very long time until finally he hit a black hole, after falling in all the way through the singularity and into quantum space he was able to see the past and saw himself appearing in the middle of nowhere, here Orange made the "choice" to change events and put a planet on its path and realized that, now he needed to add more steps, so Orange can reach the black hole, he could have just left and Orange would have fallen into the black hole again on its own, but the choice to help himself reach the quantum space faster created the loop.

So basically, it's a predestination paradox?

My first thought was how is waving his hat accelerating him and then I was like oh right, cowboy, yeehaw

exactly, if a horse runs faster when you yeehaw it, a rocket will work harder when you yeehaw it, you just have to believe as if it was a physics problem

And it is also a reference to the ending of Dr. Strangelove, where a soldier rides a nuclear bomb as it is dropped while waving his hat.

@@jervic7997 he is also the "space cowboy" from that one famous song I cannot remember the name of.

@@jordanpeacock9468 Some people call him Maurice. And in case you were serious, it's "The Joker" by Steve Miller Band

Thanks, I now have something to do this weekend

ahhh so that's how Leonard Hofstadter do 🤯

Yeah, don't try to go up, go forward so fast your falling arc misses the object entirely

@@Ytinasniiable You've gotta fall so fast that you miss the ground entirely, its what I love about orbital mechanics XD

Although she can also call him orange, or TSC as I have seen done in recent Alan videos.

Yes, you are basically correct. It showed the different universe types allowed by string theory, and incorporated into a single framework with M-theory.

Stickman seems to be going from type I string theory to type IIB string theory which must signify a step closer to M-theory.

Finally someone gets it

"Intersetllar"? Don't you mean "Interstellar"?

@@ADtheUber”Interstellar” Don’t you mean “One of my favorite movies”

I think he just wants to exit, and acknowledges that he needs to understand the world he is in in order to exit

What are you talking about? All relativistic physics is 4-dimensional physics since we use 4-vectors X^mu=(ct,x,y,z). Also, they clearly showed hints to string theory and literally showed a calabi yau manifold, which is used in string theory where the 6 extra spatial dimensions are curled up in the calabi yau manifold. This has nothing to do with time travel or teleportation. And the einstein-rosen (not 'eisen') bridge was portrayed in accordance with the ER=EPR conjecture forwarded by Lenny Susskind where quantum entanglement and einstein rosen bridges are equivalent. You cannot say that the amount of dimensions that a physical theory allows is directly proportional to time travel and teleportation being viable phenomena. Some individual hypotheses might support it, but that is entirely determined by the specific framework.

​@@miselfis right and idk wht he's on about with the not using the 5th dimension, the space they're standing in with the wormhole and walking on the "plane of probability" is clearly labeled as a 5th diemnsional space after he crosses the worldsheet. Unless that's just talking about the area outside of the diagramed worldline. IDK what any of this video means once we pass the quark level, and even then i only have a very VERY shallow understanding that quarks, exist at all

⁠​⁠@@ElderonAnalasa world sheet is just a 2d version of a world line. A world line is the path of a 0d point particle in a spacetime diagram. A world sheet is then the path of a 1d string, which traces a 2d path. It is a mathematical tool, not something you can pass. When you see in the end is stickman switching game modes, here each of the 5 variants of super string theory corresponds to a universe game mode. I’m not entirely sure what you mean with the rest of your comments. You are using a lot of words that doesn’t really mean anything in the context you’re using them in, so it’s hard to know what you’re trying to say. I’m a theoretical physicist, so if you have any specific questions, then let me know.

​@@miselfis > "a world sheet is just a 2d version of a world line. A world line is the path of a 0d point particle in a spacetime diagram. A world sheet is then the path of a 1d string, which traces a 2d path. It is a mathematical tool, not something you can pass." so, just, trying to piece my brain around this. I want to learn, to know things. I just think i'm well in over my head. My understanding of physics stopped being relatable to the video after we got "smaller" than the hydrogen bonds part, and I still barely remember high school lessons on atomic bonds... something to do with electron pairs I think. But, a "world sheet" is just a reference of a "world line". so, a World Line, with length and width. a World Line is just a ray/line that reflects a... singular moment if time and space? I know i'm certainly missing more foundational knowledge I suppose, I don't know what a Spacetime Diagram even is. > "I’m not entirely sure what you mean with the rest of your comments. You are using a lot of words that doesn’t really mean anything in the context you’re using them in, so it’s hard to know what you’re trying to say." Yeah, I was probably unclear. was more agreeing with your confusion over what OP was saying, while I was drawing reference back to the video itself in moments like 24:39 regarding him talking about "the video stopping short of 5th and 6th dimension physics" but this part of the video seemingly taking place *in* 5th dimensional space (unless I am just, completely misunderstanding what theoretical concepts are trying to be portrayed as a physical 3d visual environment, which is certainly the case), as well as confusion on what they are using as "ground" at 25:40 ish. Beyond, it being a, representation of reality itself, the whole "we don't know what a particle will do until observed" kind of thing, given they are Probability Waves, a layman like me can assume it means he could move or do anything there, but we can't know until we see him do it. Sort of situation. Given the singularity is a meeting point for both the past and future, as well as "our" universe and all the other parallel ones.

@@ElderonAnalas >But, a "world sheet" is just a reference of a "world line". so, a World Line, with length and width. a World Line is just a ray/line that reflects a... singular moment if time and space? I know i'm certainly missing more foundational knowledge I suppose, I don't know what a Spacetime Diagram even is. Alright, so a spacetime diagram is just a standard [x,y] diagram with time one one axis and space on the other. We use one axis to represent all three spatial dimensions x,y,z as making spacetime diagrams with 4 dimensions is impractical. A particle, let's assume a point particle for simplicity, is a 0-dimensional object. It has no lenght or width. Now, as this particle moves through time, its trajectory will now be a line, since we this point in infinitely many time steps, which is the definition of a line. A line is a 1d object since you can only move back and forth along a line. This line is, by convention, called a world line. This is just the name for it. It can be understood as the trajectory of a "world", or a certain reference frame, though time. every point on this line represents a location in space at a given time. In string theory, particles are made up of small strings, which, in contrast to particles being 0-dimensional, are 1-dimensional objects. If you make a spacetime diagram for a 1d string, the path or trajectory through time will now be a 2 dimensional "sheet" or surface instead of a line. This is then called a world sheet. That's all there is to it basically. None of the video takes place in 5 dimensional space. It is all only in 3 dimensions of space. However, in the end, it is trying to visualize string theory, where it can get kind of difficult to properly explain without a bunch of differential geometry. String theory is a theory of 10 or 11 dimensions, depending on how you look at it. It is alluded to when the apple turns into a calabi yau manifold, which is a 6 dimensional surface where the rest of the needed dimensions are "compactified" onto. The end of the video is just a stylistic representation of these strings and stuff, but it isn't some kind of "higher dimension physics" that allows for magic. It is a mix of different ideas. For example, they heavily allude to the holographic principle, which is a principle that suggests all of the information in the universe can be encoded on a boundary. This ideas stem from trying to calculate entropy of black holes. Essentially, it suggests that the universe can be described in theories that exists in lower dimensions, not higher. The holographic principle works well together with string theory in something called AdS/CFT corrospondance, which is also illustrated in the video after stickman passes the inner horizon. AdS/CFT is a theoretical framework that suggests that a string theory formulated in an Anti de-Sitter space (a space with negative curvature) is equivalent to a conformal field theory defined on the boundary of that space. CFT is a quantum field theory that exists in fewer dimensions than the AdS space. For example, string theory in a 5-dimensional AdS space can be equivalent to a CFT on its 4d boundary. It allows complext gravitational calculations in the bulk, which is the higher dimensional space, to be translated into a simpler quantum field theory on the boundary. This also goes into something called the ER=EPR corrospondance, which posits that wormholes and quantum entanglement are equivalent phenomena. This is also alluded to in the video when stickman places objects into the wormhole and the entanglement equation shows up. It is very hard to actually explain this in laymans terms, so the best explanation I can give you will never be complete. I can only suggest that you learn some more advanced mathematics and study it yourself if you are really interested in these things. It's the only way you'll be able to truly understand and appreciate these ideas :)

I recommend The Art of Problem Solving curriculum!

@@smiththewright is there another alternative

@@mastermello8 I'm not really sure about specific curriculums or "orders", but you could try to learn math in a relatively decent order based on The Math Sorcerer's video called Learn Mathematics From Start To Finish 2nd Edition, which is basically him taking several of his math books from various levels and putting them in an order he thinks is decent enough to start on. You don't have to get the specific books he suggests. Normally for almost every general topic, you can probably find a PDF somewhere. But his order's not too bad

@@logicwizard783 thanks for your information!I will look into it 😃

You can find the resources you need to learn basic math by searching - basic math tutorials for adults.

"it's not brain surgery" probably

could be but its's also from the part where they Pranked their past self by throwing it at them to try and get them to go into the black hole

I haven't seen anyone recognize the calabi yau manifold, the AdS/CFT corrospondance, holographic principle, ER=EPR and many more of the subtle hints to different more speculative theories.

As someone else here said, he seems to be selecting a different version of string theory to go check out. My question is: having seen where the previous fellow goes, does the current one follow suit, or try a different setting?

That and the energy/mass needed to make any significant sized Black Hole is going to be terribly high even for something that would still disintegrate in a matter of minutes or hours. Also they'd be blasting their surroundings with hawking Radiation the whole time, with increasing intensity until the small Black Hole finally degrade too far and exploded. Would be exciting for sure but probably best done in Space far from Earth to avoid the potential mess

@@UNSCPILOT I agree, use the power of void space because that is dangerous to do here. Dumbholes are crazy enough as it is. Basically blackholes but made out of sound.

a quasar is powered by a super massive black hole. It's funny the apple went back into the black hole and red shifted.

Also, the main reason Animation didn't crash into something going through the asteroid belt is because there is so much space in-between. You'd be hard press to see you're in it if you went out there to look around with just your eyes... Space is way bigger than what's depicted in movies and most of those rocks are so very small by comparison and they don't emit light. (Which not everybody know, I'm sure Ellie does) Edit: "Animation" doesn't get spaghettified only because those pixels are virtually immutable, thus can't be broken apart unless the "Animator" wants to 😉 Edit 2: The ending, if I'm not mistaken, is trying to represent the Einstein-Rosen bridge idea to have a wormhole leading somewhere/sometime else, maybe to another dimension, maybe another universe or maybe just another blackhole in our own universe, nobody knows...yet! Sorry if I'm wrong, I'm not an astrophysic graduate, just a college-educated guy who loves learning new stuff, been doing it fo 41 years.

I doubt he's going to be spaghettified... it's probably a big black hole - I could be wrong. Inside time and space exchanges... (Edit) wow that was fun... Since it's a wormhole they can see the past. And also it seems versions of himself were providing the different items. What he saw standing next to the singularity I assumed was his future self... but not necessarily. That cylinder I've never heard of before - but spinning may be for frame dragging? If time became space and space became time then manipulations of space manipulates time such as frame dragging is possibly rewinding time (time dragging) - all fun speculation on my part. The strings are maybe string theory and strings are particles and those things bubbling up may be fluctuations in a quantum field... creating possibly paired particles - yes and no, Hawking radiation is usually at the event horizon. Hahaha it's fun to make up stuff - no hint of the holographic principle right? (which would also happen above)... he was inside, not at the singularity but standing next to it in a theoretical way. Was there spaghettification but he stickmanned himself through it? Sweet video...

There was friction, just a very small amount. Stop echoing sound bytes of other video's and actually watch the original video.

@@braeddie According to the man himself, there was completely no friction, and he was supposed to move left. You SHOULD watch his video

You can find the resources you need to learn basic math by searching - basic math tutorials for adults or go through elementary and high school math text books.