How to Determine if an Argument is Valid | Counterexample Method 

Learn how to determine if an argument is valid by using the counterexample method. Counterexamples play an important role in logic, philosophy, and critical thinking. Here I show how counterexamples in logic can help you determine valid vs. invalid reasoning when evaluating deductive arguments.
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0:00 Introduction
0:10 Definition of valid argument
0:50 The counterexample method
1:11 First example of a counterexample (Blue Jay)
2:17 Second example of a counterexample (Zebra)
2:58 Problems with the counterexample method
Further Reading
Paul Herrick, Introduction to Logic, Chapter 4, “How to Evaluate a Deductive Argument” (Recommended companion textbook for this channel.)
The Scrub Jay is not a Blue Jay. They are different species:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califor...
The Elephant Shrew is more closely related to elephants than shrews!
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephan...
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