During the chaotic weeks following the 1936 coup attempt, both Spanish factions used the ships in their hands to attack enemy positions on hostile coasts and block imports of war supplies to their rivals. The Republican fleet, with most of the prewar ships, was also tasked with preventing the movement of the powerful colonial army from the African territories to the mainland. These activities in the crowded waters surrounding Spain inevitably entangled the warring factions with the other major naval powers. This extended to direct aid by the end of the month, and the intervention of combat forces of the Italians and Germans in the war at sea began with the first major combat operation, an attempt by the rebels to run the Republican blockade of the Straits.
My major sources are three articles by Willard C. Frank, Jr, found in different issues of the Naval War College Review. These are:
“Naval Operations in the Spanish Civil War 1936-39” Volume 37, no.1 "Misperception and Incidents at Sea: The Deutschland and Leipzig crises, 1937” from number 2 of volume 43, no. 2
“Multinational Naval Cooperation in the Spanish Civil War, 1936” volume 47, no.2.
Munson, Mark "The Spanish Civil War at Sea:Limits to Seapower's Influence on history cimsec.org/the-spanish-civil-...
Dark and Dangerous Waters: The Spanish Civil War at Sea by Michael Alpert
"La Guerra Marina 1936-39: the Spanish Civil War at sea.." The Free Library. 2004 Military Historical Society of Australia 27 Oct. 2021 www.thefreelibrary.com/eLa+Gu...
For information about the technical aspects and history of the ships involved, I use the excellent online resource, Navypedia.
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9 июл 2024
