No video :(

The Otrar Massacre, 1218: Why did the Mongols invade the Khwarezmian Empire?

Подписаться 18 тыс.

Просмотров 20 тыс.

50% 1

The Otrar Massacre of 1218, wherein a Mongol sponsored caravan of Muslim merchants was slaughtered by the governor of the city of Otrar, is often city as the spark that set off the Mongol invasion of the Khwarezmian Empire, bringing the Mongols violently into the Muslim world. But there is much more to this story than just that, and to the drastic decision by Chinggis Khan to pull his armies from China and send them crashing through Central Asia. This video examines that.
DONATIONS
Paypal: paypal.me/thejackmeister?loca...
Patreon: / jackmeister
Videos mentioned in the video:
Qara-Khitai, part 3: • The Qara-Khitai, Part ...
Mongol Conquest of Siberia: • The Mongol Conquest of...
Campaigns of Mukhali: • The Campaigns of Mukha...
SOURCES:
Allsen, Thomas T. “Mongolian Princes and Their Merchant Partners, 1200-1260.” Asia Major 2 no.2 (1989): 83-126.
Atwood, Christopher. “Jochi and the Early Campaigns.” in How Mongolia Matters: War, Law, and Society, edited by Morris Rossabi. Brill's Inner Asian Library, (2017) 35-56.
Barthold, W. Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion. Translated by H.A.R. Gibb. London: Oxford University Press, 1928. archive.org/details/Barthold1...
Biran, Michal. The Empire of Qara-Khitai in Eurasian History: between China and the Islamic World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Buell, Paul D. “Early Mongol Expansion in Western Siberia and Turkestan (1207-1219): a Reconstruction.” Central Asiatic Journal 36 no. ½ (1992): 1-32.
Golden, Peter B. “Inner Asia c. 1200,” in The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: The Chinggisid Age, edited by Nicola Di Cosmo, Allen J. Frank and Peter B. Golden, 9-25. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Jackson, Peter. The Mongols and the Islamic World: From Conquest to Conversion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017.
Kolbas, Judith. The Mongols in Iran: Chingiz Khan to Uljaytu 1220-1309. London: Routledge, 2006.
May, Timothy. The Mongol Empire. Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires Series. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018.
Schwarz, Henry G. “Otrar.” Central Asian Survey 17 no. 1 (1998): 5-10.
Sinor, Denis. “The Mongols in the West.” Journal of Asian History, 33 no. 1 (1999): 1-44.
Timokhin, Dmitry. “The Conquest of Khwarezm by Mongol Troops (1219-1221).” in The Golden Horde in World History, 75-86. Tartaria Magna Series. Kazan: Sh. Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2017.
Timokhin, Dmitry, and Vladimir Tishin. “Khwarezm, the Eastern Kipchaks and Volga Bulgaria in the Late 12-early 13th Centuries,” in The Golden Horde in World History, 25-40. Tartaria Magna Series. Kazan: Sh. Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2017.
Music Used:
Faceoff by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Source: incompetech.com/music/royalty-...
Artist: incompetech.com/

Опубликовано:

2 дек 2018

Ссылка:

Скачать:

Готовим ссылку...

Добавить в:

Мой плейлист

Посмотреть позже

Комментарии : 100

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

The massacre of Otrar! Here we provide some background on this famous event. In the next couple days I'll do a follow up video discussing what some of the sources have to say on the role of Shah Muhammad in this. Originally it was a part of this, but added so much time onto the video I figured I might as well deal with it separately. A fellow in the comments on a previous video suggested I include the years/time more often onscreen, which I started to do here. It'll help some, but due to the nature of the sources it often won't be able to get more specific past 'late 1218,' or some such. Let me know how well this works for you guys though, if it's too obstructive or not. Videos mentioned in the video: Qara-Khitai, part 3: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-RU_OQZS9TBE.html Mongol Conquest of Siberia: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-1FJTnCCBcsE.html Campaigns of Mukhali: ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-UbxdgFtng-g.html

@greyabram1183 3 года назад

I guess I am pretty off topic but does anyone know a good website to watch newly released movies online?

@pedrojulius5012 3 года назад

@Grey Abram lately I have been using FlixZone. You can find it on google =)

@michaelharry9317 3 года назад

@Pedro Julius definitely, have been using flixzone for since march myself =)

@greyabram1183 3 года назад

@Pedro Julius thanks, I signed up and it seems to work =) Appreciate it!!

@pedrojulius5012 3 года назад

@Grey Abram glad I could help :)

@crustymcgee6580 5 лет назад

Love it that you cover little known historical events and movements. Who else but this channel would do a series on the Khitan empire? Keep up the amazing work.You've carved out a niche for Central and East Asian history long neglected by many RU-vid historians.

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

Thank you for the kind words! It is always so heartening to get such responses. I am glad people appreciate and welcome these topics being treated seriously for a wider audience. It's has such fascinating history that is far too easily swept aside

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

If you look carefully around 4 minutes in, you can see 'sample text,' hidden on screen, because I spent hours upon hours editing this and somehow that made it through.

@Alejandro-te2nt 5 лет назад

shhh its a holiday easter egg

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

A Christmas miracle

@Alejandro-te2nt 5 лет назад

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory you're a cool customer Jackmeister

@jefferyb2253 3 года назад

I saw that! It's a great video, so easy to miss things when exhausted

@aw854 5 лет назад

Do a series on all steppe people. From Deer Stone culture, Slab Grave culture, Scythians, Cimmerians, Xiongnu, Xianbei (Tabgach, Tuyuhun, Rouran), Yuezhi, Huns, Hephtalites, Gokturks, Uyghurs, Khazars, Kyrgyz, Khitans, Bolgars, Magyars etc. I feel that steppe nomads are one of the least covered culture in popular history.

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

I agree completely with you, and I would love to be able to cover all of them. Some for sure will be covered within the 'main series,' on the Mongol conquests (such as the Bolgars) and others have popped up often in requests (the Xiongnu and Huns, who I will certainly do some work on, and likely the Kirghiz in a similar style to my video on the Kazakhs). But a few things: - Time is perhaps the biggest issue. If I was able to do this full time, then I would have little issue committing to them. As it stands, there is considerable material on the Mongols Empire, the successor Khanates, Timur etc., I want to deal with in detail, and with my limited schedule it makes it a challenge to juggle them all. - The area I know best is the 11th-15th centuries, not only in knowledge of the subject but in the literature and sources. So for the much earlier periods, I would have to do quite a bit of research to be feel comfortable producing videos on them, or to even find sources I would consider reliable enough. I have access to a lot of material on the Mongol Empire in english, both in terms of scholarly literature and primary sources (such as a number of translations of the Secret History of the Mongols, and a translation of Juvaini's work I am using for the discussion on the Mongol war against Khwarezm). It will be much harder finding the same for some of those other peoples. That itself doesn't dissuade me, but it goes back to the time commitment mentioned above. If I am going to do videos on these peoples, I would want them to be on the same level of detail I do in this video, for example, and give them the respect of using sources I can trust instead. That being said, I do hope in time to be able to give them coverage: perhaps a different style than what I did for Chinggis Khan, but who knows what the future holds. I think RU-vid has a great potential to educate, or at least introduce, people to this fascinating place in world history. But I believe firmly that it should be done with appropriate levels of research

@umarmars47 5 лет назад

The Cuman-Kipchaks

@majestichotwings6974 4 года назад

Can’t wait to see this channel blow up, it more than deserves it

@igloo54 5 лет назад

I love your choice of a soundtrack. Also, it's at a nice quiet background level.

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

Thank you! They're all free to download from RU-vid's audiolibrary. I don't have much background in video editing, so I do appreciate when efforts are qell received!

@lightwishatnight 3 года назад

Thanks for writing down your sources in the description. There is a very heated debate amongst historians, and I'm trying to clear the air with my readings. Cheers.

@tou291462 5 лет назад

Love your videos keep them coming

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

Thank you! I intend to do so!

@withnail-and-i 4 года назад

Came here because of an incredible Russian masterpiece film on the event, thanks for context, you got a new suscriber!

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 4 года назад

Welcome! What was the film in question? I didn't know there was one covering it.

@withnail-and-i 4 года назад

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory It is "The Fall of Otrar" (1991) and its even on RU-vid. Sadly it seems like the only version that's floating around has a Russian dub over the kazakh dialogues, but it is still a unique experience.

@doramalover1001 3 года назад

@@withnail-and-i The film is not Russian but Kazakh. It was subbed in Russian, so why you called it Russian?

@withnail-and-i 3 года назад

@@doramalover1001 because it was written by great Russian director Alexei German, and it was filmed at the turn of the fall of the Soviet Union, guess I should have said Soviet, but you are right, my mistake.

@HotZetiGer 2 года назад

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Genghis khan: -Go and deliver my message to Muhammad! Bogra -If I deliver your message of war, true-believers (my fellow Muslims) will kill me. Genghis khan: -Don`t be afraid of death, and don`t worry about the future, leave your sons here. I will give them many wives so that your bloodline will stay in this world. Bogra -I am not worried about the future, I am worried about my soul. Oh Great Khan you are dear to my heart, but Allah is closer. My sons will need mosques. Genghis khan (is getting a bit angry): -God is everywhere! You can pray to him anywhere! Now go and deliver my message! (from a Kazakh movie) ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-tD4K1gSgnAI.html

@ahmeda5110 3 года назад

Really good content 👍

@jenniferbreaux7385 2 года назад

Love love ur channel. Wish I had found it earlier.

@frootloop961 5 лет назад

Nice Jeggings

@enkhsaruultorguud9293 Год назад

Yeah, You belong now to Eternal Blue Sky and welcome to Mongolia gentleman

@kaybevang536 5 лет назад

Can you do the mongol relations with the Turkic Cuman Kipchaks? And the battle of Kalka River and the mongol conquest in 1241

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

I will! After I cover the Khwarezmian campaign, then I'll look at Jebe and Subutai in the Caucasus, then their time in southern Russia and Kalka. Probably around that time I will do a video just on the Kipchak in some regards: possibly their history and origins like I did for the Qara-Khitai, and how it ties into their relations with the Mongols. The invasion of Europe will be covered in detail too, but it will be some time before I get to that unfortunately.

@forgetfulfunctor1 Год назад

@3:52 press 1 to pay respects to the lost kingdom of Sample Text

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Год назад

My ancient shame brought to light once again

@kolsveinnskraevolding 4 года назад

Did you see the Soviet-Kazakh movie Fall of Otrar from 1991? It's more about the Khwarezmians than the Mongols, but that's fine I think, their story rarely gets told. If you have seen it, how did you like Kayirkhaan's portrayal?

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 4 года назад

I've only seen a few clips on RU-vid. I thought the acting seemed good, and some of the sets seemed quite nice. Most of the costumes looked rather rough, but I did like that the Mongols were always on horses. Lots of film depictions don't bother with that, because they don't have enough horses or actors who can ride. But I haven't watched enough to say much on the whole of the film.

@omegawilliam95s36 2 года назад

10:40 Dwarfs: *War of the Beards flashbacks intensify*

@phoenixlegend2921 3 года назад

Hey didn't the envoys address shah as equals to Chingiz saying "I am the ruler of the East ,you are the ruler of the west let's conclude a firm treaty of friendship and peace " or something to that effect , surely he did not call him his son right? , This is noted by Minhaj I Siraj Juzjani writing in Uch in the erstwhile Delhi sultanate so I suspect very little about please the Khan, please check what I have said and please let me know if I am right or wrong.

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 3 года назад

So you are correct in noting Juzjani's statement. Juzjani is a good writer, and he was originally from the Khwarezmian Empire; he fled during the Mongol invasion. He definitely had a first hand experience of the Mongols. The version I present in this video is largely, though, from the writing of 'Ata-Malik Juvaini. Juvaini wrote at the same time as Juzjani (1250s), and while Juvaini was not born until after the Mongol invasion of Khwarezm, his father had been a high ranking official in the Khwarezmian Empire, and he along with many others provided the first hand accounts used in Juvaini's work ("The History of the World-Conqueror.") This work our most important and detailed single source on the entire campaign, providing a highly valuable overall of basically the entire course of events. Further, Ata-Malik Juvaini worked for the Mongols in the 1240s and 50, personally visting Karakorum in Mongolia on business, serving in the entourage of Hulegu Khan during his march on Baghdad, and later was the governor of Baghdad while his brother, Shams al-Din, was the vizier of the Ilkhanate. So not only did Juvaini have access to first hand accounts, he had access to first hand Mongol accounts as well, and perhaps even documents. So I, and many other scholars, find his account much more reliable than Juzjani. That doesn't make Juzjani a bad source, just that for this topic Juvaini is the better. Juzjani, ibn al-Athir, Nasawi; these other Muslim writers of the period are better at offering more detail on specific areas less touched by Juvaini, whereas Juvaini provides overview and the Mongolian point of view. That's why I find Juvaini's statement regarding the letter (Chinggis placing the Shah on the level of his sons) is more reliable. To put simply, Juvaini was in a better spot to have interacted with people who actually were in some proximity to Chinggis Khan's message, unlike Juzjani.

@phoenixlegend2921 3 года назад

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Jack I understand that and in no way am I calling Juvaini wrong but don't you think the Mongol first hand accounts may have undergone certain refinement over the years I mean Juvaini wasn't alive back then , while you know the chronology of major events may not change , something as the preseved causes Belli may change depending upon the outcome of the battle , while I agree that it is also possible for juzjani as well I sense an incentive from the Mongol part to enhance the rehtoric of the past , I am not saying you are in anyway wrong but I do think it may be a possibility , hence I prefer juzjani over Juvaini here

@phoenixlegend2921 3 года назад

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Also jack I think it's precisely the reason why I would prefer Juzjani over Juvaini , what possible reason does Juzjani a man as you said in your sources video so anti Mongol , apocalyptic and disdainful about Mongol actions have to give Chingiz khan A Guy who called him essentially an accursed one give him such a benefit of doubt and say he called Shah his equal and that all four of the sources mentioned in your otrar massacre source video including ibn athir , Al Nasawai , juzjani and Juvaini lay blame squarely on Shah and inalchuq alone , also as you said juzjani was an eye witness to the Mongol devastation unleashed upon his land while Juvaini had to rely on the first hand source most of which I suspect had a tinge of Mongol post - victory charismatic retelling as victors become more glorified and losers more belittled not saying that Juvaini is entirely biased but one on one if you ask me who will have the incentive to belittle Mongols and present them at a false lighting it would be juzjani but the fact that even he lays the blame solely on the kwarezmian Shah and further shy away from making any attempts at aggravating Shah is testament in my opinion why his account regarding how the Shah was addressed is more true in my opinion

@bosbanon3452 5 лет назад

Do you know about 2003 Chinese-Mongolian series about genghis kahan? . Was it historicaly accurate? This series made the khwarezmian as horible persons

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

I know of it, but I have never watched more than a few short clips of it. Some of the costumes and props weren't too bad, and some were pretty awful. The Mongol tactics were also pretty bad from what I saw. But I haven't watched enough of it to have more of an opinion on it than that. But to be fair to the show, it is pretty difficult to not show the Khwarezmian leadership at that time as anything but scheming, greedy and betraying each other. With few exceptions (Temur Malik, Jalal al-Din, a few other defenders) even the medieval sources are very critical of Khwarezm's governors during the dynasty's final years. Shah Muhammad basically took the blame for the entire invasion!

@bxyhxyh 3 года назад

Very accurate to the Secret History of Mongols.

@HotZetiGer 2 года назад

Like Jinn Emperor - Shah had no fear of few nomad bandits

@turmunhkganba1705 5 лет назад

Will you eventually cover the early Mongolian nations such as the Hunnu (Xiongnu)

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

Yes, definitely. I have in mind a couple ideas. But with that earlier period, as I don't know it as well, I need to do more research into what I could do. I don't think I could do a large series on them like I can with Chinggis Khan, but perhaps specific topics (like Xiongnu-Han wars, if the Xiongnu related to the Huns, how the Xiongnu lost power to the Xianbei) and maybe a few stories of the Shanyu which are well known. But it is a requested topic, and one which comes up quite a bit in my research, so they wil definitely be covered in the future.

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

@Baghatur Tarkhan the one where Modu Shanyu kills his father? A gruesome story, but a useful introduction. I think many of the pre-Chinggisid peoples of Mongolia will be too obscure for a wider audience that they'd need an 'introductory story,' to place them in time and their relation to their neighbours. Modu Shanyu killing to father to take control and attack the Han serves to tell one of the most famous stories of the Xiongnu (at least, from a Chinese perspective since it comes from a Chinese source) while also put them into context for a wider audience. But I am open to ideas. It will be a while before I get to the point where I will talk about them anyways, so I won't commit to anything yet.

@bogdanbogdanoff5164 5 лет назад

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory What about the Avars? While not exactly in the same period either I find the speculation on their origin fascinating

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

@@bogdanbogdanoff5164 I've thought in the future of doing a video on the theories to their origin, but that would probably be about it since they are one of those peoples who we just don't have enough information to make a 'narrative' out of, which is an important component to doing a larger series on. I've always thought of the narrative as 'the spine' to which you can then place more detailed, specific videos (like this one) on to. For an individual video on a given group, then something on the various theories to the Avars' origin would be a great topic though (I recently found out the Avars had Khagans named Bayan, a name common among the Mongols and some turkic peoples!). Also, the Avars' relationship with the Gokturks would be interesting: the Gokturk envoy to the Byzantines got mad at the Byzantines for working with the Avars, the implications of such a relationship I'd love to explore. I believe the Avars also besieged Constantinople, if my memory serves me correct, so it could be interesting to compare their siege tactics to those of the Mongols. But such things are for the future. I'd like to at least get to the ascension of Kublai Khan before I put too much effort in videos on other groups, but here and there I think I sprinkle some in. Just not enough hours in the day to accomplish all I want to here!

@bogdanbogdanoff5164 5 лет назад

@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Thanks. Another thing might be the relation between Avars and the Slav settlement of the Balkans and Ongoing slavicisation of the Avar state at the time of Hungarian conquest, which reminds me of Bolghars->Bulgarians and the relationship between the Huns and Goths. It would be interesting to see.

@arystanbeck914 3 года назад

There is another theory why Chinngis Khan invaded Kwarezm. There was a civil war among Kipchaks. One of the factions lost and run to Mongols asking refuge and support. Inalchik Kadyr Khan knew it and since he represented the winning faction of Kipchaks he decided to kill the merchants

@EchoVortex713 Месяц назад

That’s made up

@papazataklaattiranimam 4 года назад

Khwarazmians❤️❤️❤️

@gustavtd 3 года назад

Don't lie about history, Genghis Khan was very polite and sincere in the beginning to send caravan and envoy, he never called the Khwarezmian Shah as his son, he wrote in an equality emotion as "Great king of the Khwarezmian you rule the west and I rule the east..." something like that, and just propose some trade agreement. It is the very narrow minded Shah Muhammad and his greedy governor who invited the ending to themselves. Mongol had no interests in West at that time, they had a lot to do in the east, The Jin Dynasty and Song Dynasty, Xixia Dynasty are still there as Mongol's No.1 target, Khwarezmian are far away, Mongol nearly know nothing about it, how come as you implyed here like Genghis Khan began to be interesting in conquor Khwarezm but merely a revenge?!

@phoenixlegend2921 3 года назад

Yes I agree with you completely

@middleeastrenwarriormen1017 2 года назад

Inaljuq/Ghayir Khan governor of Ortar Farab Khawarezmshah

@mortezamiri9861 3 года назад

2:55

@thom_wye 4 года назад

Sample text!

@ozansimitciler5781 Год назад

Some islamic sources from 14th century claims caliph Nasyr Lidinillah sent letter to Genghis Khan and asked for help against Kharezmshahs. İt's plausible since he first asked Kharezmian help against Great Seljuks. After they ended the Seljuk rule, Kharezm took the Seljuk position of protectors of the Caliph, which Lidinillah despised. Caliph also started to form a spy network in islamic world. So i have my doubts about if initial intentions of Genghis Khan was really peaceful. But if that happened, their correspondence might have started after Mongols destroyed Kara Khitai.

@crustymcgee6580 5 лет назад

Were the Kwarezmians Kipchaks?

@kidtsunami3993 5 лет назад

Kwarezmians was oghuz, turkmen and close to seljuks turkic tribes. It's obvious that they was also mixed with kipchaks. As you see Terken Khatun mother of Shakh Muhammad, was from Kipchaks. Controversial relationship between Khawrezm and kipchaks, encluded conflicts and alliances. As I know in earlier centuries, kipchaks pushed out the state of oghuz tribes from northern Aral sea, to South in a lands called Khawrezm, and probably triggered oghuz especially seljuk invasion to Iran, middle east and anatolia. In that exactly time, some Kipchaks became an elite, important part of army and cavalry in Khawrezm. As I see it, kipchaks was powerful tribes, that could be able to win over mongols. But problem WAs.. Mongols have been united, and kipchaks was separated on different parts of Eurasia, they fought and allianced in different places.. Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, Caucasus.. without being centralized by one powerful person. After mongol invasion kipchak and Kwarezmian bhoys have been sold by Mongols to Egypt, where they became elite army and took power over country as mamluks and.. Made revenge to Mongols, for their killed fathers, broken and enslaved families in a battle of AinJalut. Two main heroes of that battle was.. Kipchak Beibars and relative of Khawrezm Shakh Muhammad, Sultan Qutuz. What an irony

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

I would also add that there was a distinct khwarezmian language, an east iranian (so distantly related to persian) language. It was spoken in Khwarezm (the actual region south of the Aral Sea) until the Mongol invasion. The Khwarezmshahs likely spoke it alongside useful turkic languages in the area. The first Khwarezmshah, Anushtegin, was appointed as ruler of the region by the Seljuqs, and he was turkic but of unknown extraction. By the 13th century his descendents had intermarried with the Qipchaq-Qangli tribes, and by Muhammad II's reign the Qipchaq were the main arm of the Khwarezmian army. So much so they sort of developed their own strata, seeing themselves above the local Iranian-speaking populations. Shah Muhammad was likely fluent in Qipchaq, Khwarezmian or other important local dialects, but that is conjectural. He was certainly turkic, but it is hard to say what he would exactly have considered himself. We do however, see him as distinct of the Qipchaq tribes and culture, and there is a fairly good chance he was personally more influenced by iranian customs. It would certainly explain to an extent the antagonism between him and his mother. Jalal al-Din, his famed son and successor, was born to a mother of a different turkic tribe than Terken Khatun, and she hated him severely. The specifics are hard to find though, as this comes from Persian writers who were generally content to call them all 'turks' and leave it at that.

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

Out of interest I just had a look at wikipedia, and they have Anushtegin as either Khalaj or Qipchaq extraction

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

@Baghatur Tarkhan interesting, as I was literally just doing some reading where this was brought up. Anushtegin Gharchi was bought as a ghulam by a Seljuk amir, supposedly, from Gharchistan in modern Afghanistan, which leads some to suggest him as Khalaj. But Oghuzz origins seem quite likely as well, due to the Seljuk connection.

@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory 5 лет назад

@Baghatur Tarkhan Nasawi I would consider a very good source for this matter: he worked as a secretary for Jalal al-Din Mingburnu. I just had a look in the translation of Juvaini I use (who gives us the story of Anushtegin being bought by the Seljuk Amir) and he only calls him a 'turkish slave.' He doesn't get any more specific, as far as I can tell, for any other Khwarezm-shah. 'Ala al-din Muhammad Khwarezm-shah would have had quite a mixed turkic background due to intermarriage with various tribes. His mother, Terken Khatun, origin is unknown: some sources say Qangli, Qipchaq, Bayu'ut, Yemek. Obviously it caused quite a bit of confusion to the 13th century writers.

@Nurali.ismagulov 3 года назад

That was war of the relative tribes. Muslims vs pagans.

@ateium2409 3 года назад

Damn it Iran ! Stop killing Steppe enovoys !

@Nomadicenjoyer31 3 года назад

@azpar3986 3 года назад

the original inhabitants Otrar were #Tajiks. who were slaughtered by Gangiz Army

@GreaterAfghanistanMovement Год назад

Tajiks only lived in Bukhara and Tajikistan.

@Roman-kk1ic Год назад

Man you've butchered the he'll out of the story and I'm only halfway in. Coming from a person who studied history of Central Asia

@jordanbell4736 Год назад

i don't know this material well enough to judge. but I do know enough about proper academic practice, that this channel *does* cite original sources. and I would thus bet money that this simply disagrees with folktales you've heard and take as fact; it butchers your naivete not "the story"

@Roman-kk1ic Год назад

@Jordan Bell how do you form an opinion if you dont know enough? that idiotic