Austronesian Peoples come from Taiwan (Formosa) ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-ihOQ18C3wl4.html Formosa(Austronesian) peoples/China Chinese Peoples in Taiwan Austronesians ≠ Southern China Chinese ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-DiyAGZM1uVk.html
When the ancient Egyptians and Sumerians were busy building tall buildings, the proto-Austronesian people were enjoying their journey exploring the oceans, now I know that my ancestors were more powerful in 4500 BC and were able to sail the vast seas.
Mom took ancestry test. She is Moluccan (East Indonesian islands on coast of West Papua). Genetic cousins were identified as people who shared dna and saw that there were matches to Lau in Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, New Zealand, and Hawaii. Def think linguistic connection has genetic component.
Correlation, not causation. The genetic and linguistic similarities are correlated/coincidental, but the former (genetic similarity) does not cause/produce the latter (linguistic similarity). In other words: both the language and DNA are *corroborating evidences* of common ancestry.
When Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca, the Portuguese recovered a chart from a Javanese maritime pilot, which already included part of the Americas. Regarding the chart Albuquerque said ...a large map of a Javanese pilot, containing the Cape of Good Hope, Portugal and the land of Brazil, the Red Sea and the Sea of Persia, the Clove Islands, the navigation of the Chinese and the Gores, with their rhumbs and direct routes followed by the ships, and the hinterland, and how the kingdoms border on each other. It seems to me. Sir, that this was the best thing I have ever seen, and Your Highness will be very pleased to see it; it had the names in Javanese writing, but I had with me a Javanese who could read and write. I send this piece to Your Highness, which Francisco Rodrigues traced from the other, in which Your Highness can truly see where the Chinese and Gores come from, and the course your ships must take to the Clove Islands, and where the gold mines lie, and the islands of Java and Banda, of nutmeg and mace, and the land of the King of Siam, and also the end of the land of the navigation of the Chinese, the direction it takes, and how they do not navigate farther. - Letter of Albuquerque to King Manuel I of Portugal, 1 April 1512.
Malay ultra-nationalist has two ways to choose = >> "Welp, Javanese is a Malay race tho... their greatness is ours too" >> "REEEEEEEEEEEE, FCKING HINDUNESIA PROPAGANDA"
@@norzainimohd-zain1325 and, one of those island is my country Timor-Leste, situated between Australia and Indonesia. Portugal colonized for more than four centuries. They were primarily here for the sandalwood.
15:15 this is a bit crazy but the three houses you showed are my neighbours houses on the east side of Samosir island, Lake Toba. I can even see their grandkids clothes hanging on the right side. Haha Two of the houses are not even houses but rice granaries. There are some architectural distinctions in Batak Toba between the two. The clan that owns these houses just finished a new traditional house next to it, slightly larger with a much more elaborate and intricate carving (gorga).
I have been to Samosir and my guide explained the meanings of rumah bolon. My favorite is how he said 3 families can live inside altogether and hear when someone is making babies hahaha plus how the higher end symbolizes a desire of the older gen for the younger gen to be more successful than them.
As a native speaker of an Austronesian language, it still blows my mind how all of us came from a relatively small island like Taiwan and how our words for "five" are almost similar from Madagascar to Hawaii. As for the stilt housing shown, those houses are in North Sumatra in Indonesia. I got to visit them. Oddly enough there are similar houses in the inlands of South Sulawesi and West Sumatra. In my country, way up north there are also similar-looking stilt housing. Perhaps the prevalence of pork in non-Muslim Austronesians is a good evidence of how interconnected we really are. As an Austronesian person, I commend you for this video!!
Teori out of taiwan berdasarkan diversifikasi bahasa suku asli taiwan. Suku austronesia di Taiwan mewakili semua penyebaran di Nusantara, hawai, selandia baru, madagaskar. Lebih pdhl suku di taiwan jumlah ny tdk lebih 10 jt, bandingkn dg suku2 di nusantara. Perlu di kaji teori itu..
@@TheRULLY789a Philippine genetic study from 2021 challenges this theory, claiming that populations from south China entered Taiwan and the Philippines 10,000-7,000 years ago in several waves of migration. It also shows that austronesians were the 4th or 5th people group to enter the Philippines,
When i learn bahasa indonesia in 80 , i didnt realise that the malay language is the root of bahasa indonesia..until i meet malay in sumatera and malaysia then i understand the connection malay language as lingua franca to south east asia region
if you tell this to indonesian they gonna be rage..to said malay language is a root for bahasa indonesia is like taboo to them..their obession of their nationality over true history is another level of ignorance..
@@musicziggurat24Stupid comment, Indonesia states that Indonesian has roots from Riau Malay..Just like ENGLISH also comes from WEST GERMANIC LANGUAGE. Germans never make a fuss about the origins of the English language. The Indonesian language originates from Sumatra, the Indonesian region, where the largest kingdom, Srivijaya, was the center of civilization, the ancient Malay language being the lingua franca. It's ridiculous that Malaya always makes a fuss about the origins of the Indonesian language. For example, Germany accepts English as it is growing more rapidly. English, Dutch roots from German, after being established named after each country.
@@musicziggurat24 mostly Indonesian rage because Malaysia claims Indonesian cultures, like even recently Malaysian used our national song and changed the lyrics only for kids songs, which is very disrespectful and you talk about "high levels of ignorance"? Like, are you kidding? Even I myself as an Indonesian, never heard that Indonesian rage because heard that our language root is from Malay language
@@souma1849 this is what I call ignorance. if you know history you will not call Malaysian steal other culture since during ancient time people use to migrate and try to preserve their own culture. There is no malaysia or indonesia at that time..and now their children want to use their own culture that their inherited from their forefather in different place and you called them as thief? about your national song..did your ever investigate the source or just take from your bias media? come on please open your corrupt mind and do research a little bit..even as malaysia we never heard about the song and u blame whole malaysian because one pest who created the song? meh
My wife is a Higaonon tribeswoman from Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Her mother tongues are Higaonon Binukid and Mindanao Cebuano ("Bisaya"). She also speaks Tagalog ("Filipino"), Hiligaynon and Boholano. Our home is in Cagayan de Oro City. "Cagayan" derives from Old Malay, where "kag" meant "water", "kagay" meant "river" and the suffix "-an" denoted "place". So "Kagayan" is "a place with a river". Very well named as the Cagayan de Oro River runs straight up the middle of the city. I'm Australian, and a native speaker of English, but have learned to speak Bisaya and some Tagalog and Binukid. All the languages that my wife speaks, as well as many more in the Philippines, are actually distinct languages, not dialects as some people still say. While they have words in common, they are not mutually intelligible. The further south you go in the Philippines, the more words are shared with Bahasa Indonesia.
You are right! Cagayan is indeed kagay or river. Im from Cagayan province of northern Luzon. Im native ybanag from the word "bannag" river . We are river people from the longest river in the Philippines the Cagayan river
Our native language also shares similarities with bahasa Indonesia. Indonesians and Malaysians came here with boats called "balangay" hence sub divisions of a town is called barangay
@@troyridesph872 Tinuod na! That's right! There is just a small consonant shift between the two words. It's much the same as how in Mindanao Cebuano we say "bulan" for "moon" and "pahulay" for "rest", while in Cebu the words are "buwan" and "pahuway". Out of interest I have learned a bit of Tausug. Tausug words like "dayang" ("darling", "beloved") and "kasih" ("love") and 'lasa" ("sympathy", "affection") would be familiar to speakers of Bahasa Indonesia and Malay. The word "suwara" ("message", "saying") is another one. I would say the main difference between Tagalog and Bisaya, and Malay and Indonesian, comes down to the influx of words from Spanish as a result of the Spanish Colonial times in the Philippines.
The word kagay or kag does not derive from old malay. You can also search for the other various terms related to that like kalayan, karayan, kayayan or kahayan etc.
The out of Taiwan theory is I think the correct one since it’s evident that the the original Austronesian language structure is preserved in Taiwan and Philippine languages and has become more diffused as it stretched out in the region.
Congratulations on another excellent video! Your review of "Austronesian" offers a concise and insightful introduction to the terminology, geography, and various ways of learning about culture, history, and language related to Austronesian people. Keep up the good work!
"terminology"? you mean proprogating a western nomenclature. Colonizers can control communication but you cant change material reality. Your efforts to obscure the truth will be in vain.
I'm from Taiwan. I appreciate the clarity and information of this video. It's without doubt one of the Austronesian-related videos that I enjoy the most. Regarding the part of "Usage Beyond a Linguistic Group," I would love to hear more from you or discuss it with you. To me, in terms of language, the Out of Taiwan Model is convincing; genetically, it is not at all. For two reasons. First, in the context of the prehistoric peopling of Island Southeast Asia, it's important to note that Taiwan was not among the first lands to be visited. Modern humans entered into Island SEA at least 65,000 B.P., whereas the earliest human activities found in Taiwan date back only to 30,000 B.P. Not to mention the prehistoric Tapenkeng Culture of Taiwan, which was believed related to the emergence of the Proto-Austronesian language, was dated 7,000 to 4,700 B.P. Second, during the very beginning phase when the Austronesian language began to expand from Taiwan, its one-way language expansion did NOT necessarily mean one-way human expansion - considering that there were already prehistoric peoples spreading and settling throughout Island SEA. Instead, it is more plausible that population movements were two-way. As Andrew Crowe points out, "In reality, populations and customs rarely move as a single package over such enormous time scales." So do languages. Therefore, genetic-wise, it's more rigorous to broaden the ancestral homeland of - I hereby emphasize - "some" Austronesian speakers to a region of islands, including Taiwan, rather than limiting it to the island of Taiwan.
im actually grateful about taiwan, on of my ancestor's home country. I'm from tonga, but man im so sick of being known as "polynesian". It just doesn't feel right, nor does it suit my ancestry's origin.
This is interesting information. Are the dates of 65,000 B.P. and 30,000 B.P. based on archeological evidence? The major reason for citing Taiwan as the origin of Austronesian languages is the density languages/ dialects of Austronesian spoken there. I doubt any good linguist would quarrel with your assertion that Austronesian also developed in part from other places which were in contact with the Taiwan Proto-cultures. Of course, it's quite possible that the first emigrants to far islands spoke different languages and developed different languages (different from Austronesian) but these languages were then taken over by Austronesian languages and died out. I'll have to do some research on that Tapenkeng Culture.
Genetic wise, no one gives a shit about where you think you are from and what history classes you took. The beauty of genetics is that it has no bullshit in it. Filipinos are close genetically to the Dai people as well as Malays and Indonesians. You can continue reaching 50,000 years ago, but it seems like majority of Austronesian DNA is very recent.
3:10 Proto-Malayic (the ancestor of Malay and related varieties) was most likely spoken in western Borneo prior to their expansion to Sumatra, and later on, to the Peninsula. The term "Malayu" itself used to refer to a region/polity that existed in what is now lowland Jambi in eastern Sumatra.
It's an interesting hypothesis. I am curious how you came to this conclusion or from whom you got this information because in 2003 (20 years ago) a linguist researching in Indonesia told me about this.
@@freddykalidjernih1131 That Malayic originated in Borneo is a pretty common knowledge among specialists in the region, I'd say. The most recent work re: this urheimat issue seems to be Alexander Smith's 2017 dissertation on the languages of Borneo.
Taiwan is the origin of Austronesian peoples. But the saddest thing is no one sees Austronesian Taiwan nowadays. People only see "Chinese Taiwan" because the fact is still the government in Taiwan is the Republic of China 🇹🇼, and the majority is Han Chinese who are very keen to call themselves more native than the indigenous. You might see the recent gov made all the local languages including the Indigenous Taiwanese languages as national languages. But they are only boosh tbh. We are still forced to use Chinese everywhere including changing your name into Indigenous name. The gov only regard your Chinese transliteration as the real name instead of the romanised spellings.
This is true. The people in ROC calling themselves "Taiwanese" nowadays are the worst cultural appropriators. They are all of Han Chinese decent and their ancestors pushed out the Taiwan aboriginals from the luscious plains into the mountains and have the galls to call them the "Mountain People". (Similar to how the Americans killed off most the 19 million Native Americans to take their lands, but at least they don't claim to be natives)
What do you mean? When it comes to diversity like number of local languages, Indonesia is by far much richer and more diverse than The Philippines, 700 vs 180 No competition at all.
@@Psycho-th8vb I believe you're not Filipino, We Indonesian and Filipino know we are different and yet similiar, we are have our unique culture and Etnicity that different from each other. "Knockoff" is weird word, please educated yourself open your mind filled your brain with knowledge instead of hate.
@@afaridpirmansyah7867 yes Filipinos are Austronesians mixed Chinese, Spanish and American While Indonesians are short, dark, native muslims We are indeed different. I'm amaze you're the first indonesian I've seen that have an intellect
I don't know what my ancestors used to have problems with their neighbors in Taiwan, what is clear is that they chose to sail away and now I live here knowing that my cousins are on thousands of other islands in the Pacific.
Despite austronesian culture & language dominates south east asian archipelago, their mon-khmer ancestor presence still stong in their DnA. Most Indonesian-Malaysian who did DNA test have strong percentage of Mon-Khmer DNA.
I love your channel!!!! Can you please consider talking about Micronesia in the 1900s? I am especially interested in 1920-1960 and I can’t find content as good as yours.
@@pulanspeaks I am writing about the French-Japanese artist Paul Jacoulet and he entered Micronesia as a cultural recorder after colonialism but before the modern day (1930s). He adored the people and cultures, and among his best work were the prints from Palao, Saipan, Yap, Chuuk, etc. I would love to get there, but distance and cash. (I am in Canada.) And you have a very informative and perceptive series of videos.
I'm black American with Malagasy ancestry and people tell me I look austonesian all of the time. When my sister lived in Hawaii everyone thought she was half Hawaiian or Asian.
In Maguindanao( province from Bangsamoro region located at south-central mindanao), "Lima" could either be "Hands" or "Number 5". Its maybe because hand has 5 fingers on one side.😅
Filipino languages such as Tagalog, Cebuano and Chavacano are probably the most latinised Austronesian languages since they use so much Spanish loaned vocabularies. Kinda like how English is the most latinised Germanic language and French is the most germanised Romance language.
I am not interested in geography but instead i am interested in computer and technology. To see future i need to see the past. I glad to see my ancestor has great history. And knowing my culture, Java (not programming languange, but but 'jawa' culture, most majority people in Indonesia), is being part of big family of Austronesia.
Interesting video easy example are the vowel changes in some words between Tagalog to Malaysian and Indonesian api🇲🇾 =apoy🇵🇭. The rules here if it's an I ending in Malaysian and Indonesian you end up turning it into oy in Tagalog language. Which would explain why Filipinos should be able to pick-up some Malay/ Indonesian words in the written form Mutual intelligibility
The original ending is *-uy in Proto-Austronesian, e.g. *Sapuy for fire, Malayic monophthongized it to -i while many Philippine langs lowered it to -oy.
Do one video for the Nakanai people of New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea. They do also speak Austronesian language. i did abit of research on them, and it was believed there was a backward migration from the central pacific ocean back to new britain where they settled permanently. their life and way of doing things are all exactly similar to indigenous people of Fiji and move with them garden crops especially taro species exactly similar to the one planted in Fiji.
Pulan provided a map that shows that new britain is indeed within the shaded regions of the austronesian speaking areas. if you look closely you will see that kuanua is an austronesian language. the tolai migration to the peninsula is very interesting and may be distinct to the rest of niu gini's ppl
The stronger Papuan admixture in Island Melanesia is a result of a much more recent (post 700 AD) influx of Papuan migrations. The Lapita people didn't really interact much with Papuans. Like other Austronesians throughout much of the Austronesian expansion, they avoided settling populated lands and assimilated neighboring peoples slowly through acculturation. So the ancestral Lapita had higher percentages of Austronesian genes (70% to 80%), which is what we see in Polynesians who left Fiji at around 700 AD. The Lapita who remained in Island Melanesia intermarried more and more with Papuans, who by then, had also acquired seafaring technology from Austronesians by proximity. They also started settling coastal New Guinea. It's the reason why Island Melanesians look more Papuan, with darker skin and curlier hair, in comparison to other Lapita descendants like Polynesians and eastern Micronesians. Modern Island Melanesians are genetically more Papuan (only around 30% Austronesian on average), but in terms of language and culture, they remain predominantly Austronesian.
There was a conference for austronesia speakers at my uni, i was lucky enough to be part of it (i was a student, my dialectology/sociolinguistics prof asked me to). Until this day i am pretty intimidated by how wide it was for austronesian, even madagascar is one of it
Very interesting! I just wondered why Papua New Guinea is outside of Austronesia but inside of Melanesia? Melanesia is half in Austronesia and half out of it. That would be an interesting topic to discuss!
A 2023 study showed Samoans and Tongans score the highest DNA haplogroup linkage to mainland China 🇨🇳 and the Māori are more closely related to aboriginal Australians and Indonesians.
The Origins of the Austronesians ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-ihOQ18C3wl4.html Austronesian Taiwanese ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-nxDI-JmZeLc.htmlsi=upy9raNj4eP5r4uH
Chinese speak Sinitic branch language which is very different from austroasiatic language (Eg: Taiwan). China wants Taiwan to be under china so... Ur mom might have common ancestor not to Chinese(Han chinese) but probably Taiwanese.
Taiwan Austronesians ≠ China Ethnic Chinese Austronesian Taiwanese vs Military of the Qing dynasty China (Chinese Colonialism） ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-FbXW0uW4Ozc.htmlsi=XmLONB3MrkhoAEzS
Really enjoy your content, Pulan! I was wondering if you'd do a video specializing specifically on Fijian people exploring why and how Fijian culture is similar to Polynesian culture and whether this was always the case from the beginning, or only because the Bauan dialect, the dominant dialect in Fiji, had polynesian influence in it. My understanding is that Fiji had many different tribes with different customs, dialects, physical characteristics, and way of life. I'd love to see a video that really dives deep into Fijian culture and perhaps the link with the Lapita migration.
Thank you for noticing about the bibliography! It was indeed not easy to try to synthesize all the information into a single video and the early draft was approaching 40 minutes. Had to cut a lot out to make it more concise. Thanks for watching.
I'm Native Hawaiian, little more than 75% of my blood is solely Hawaiian and growing up I heard both polynesian and austronesian being used in the vein and often wondered about the words, if they meant the same thing and was used in different times or both were interchangeable. Honestly I believe my people barely make into the minds of my fellow countrymen that I highly doubt it even matters anymore despite how long we've been attached to one another. Here's a little factoid for anybody who comes acroos this both Hawaii born missionary settlers and Native Hawaiians fought on both sides of the civil war in America.
Its a trip it go all the way to Madagascar. I only just recently learned that the population there is pretty much Blasian. Its bugged out and very interesting to me because there isnt a huge chain of islands between Madagascar and the rest of oceana. Just a huge wide open gap. Pretty cool. Makes you wonder if any settled on mainland Africa also.
@@nurprimahidayah4620Most of the austronesians who were brought to the Madagascar were central Bornean that spoke the Barito languages chiefly the Ma'anyan people, either they were defeated tribe and enslaved, or they were searching for new colony.
@@multatuli1 Hawaiians is older in what term? You mean Austronesian/Polynesians settled in Hawaii earlier than the arrival of the Europeans to the Americas? Then yes.
@@motorola9956 there's 1 historian who also said that the migration of southern island people to Madagascar caused the decline of the great Roman and Persian empires. You know, because mainly southern people eat rice, you need abundant water to cultivate rice, thus making it a perfect breeding ground for mosquitos. So malaria. That was before the Arabs defeated both of them.
Read Eden in the east by stephan Oppenheimer ;) WE also need to follow Mythos, Legends, For example did you know that Hainuwele Goddes from the Mollucas island is Archaix on par with Sumerian and even considered older :)
Nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia adalah suku bangsa pelaut yg berlayar dari Taiwan, ke pulau2 di samudera Hindia, laut cina selatan, laut Jawa, hingga ke Polynesia di samudera Pasific. Para arkeolog barat menyebut mereka dgn Istilah : 'Austronesia'
let's compare your language with mine! i speak javanese (ngapak dialect) father - Rama/Bapak mother - Rena/Ibu 1 - siji 2 - lara 3 - telu 4 - papat 5 - lima 6 - enem 7 - pitu 8 - walu 9 - sanga 10 - sepuluh rungu or krungu - to hear/to be heard langit - sky watu - stone kambing - goat manuk - bird
Biological and linguistic heritage are always in line, for the exception when the two are borrowing each other's codes. So the dark skinned, fuzzy haired melanesian would by no means share the same language ancestry with the light brown skinned, straight haired Indonesian, Malaysian, The Philipinnes ethnic groups.
The Origins of the Austronesian languages Taiwan Formosan languages ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-rqrfks0u8GI.htmlsi=SQ49XrHfb5yQjnMS
it's hard to ignore the language shared..numbers 1 to 10...every Austroneasian shares the 1 to 5 and the number 10 as the same language...proto Austronesian number 10 derived from sa (number 1) and pulo(bunch of bananas that numbered 10)...in Ilocano, the number 10 is sangapulo...the number 20 is duapulo...the number 30 is talopulo and so on...Ilocano and the Igorot of the Philippine mountains are the closest in culture and language to the southern tribes of the mountain people of Taiwan.
The majority of Indonesia's population, 45% of whom are Javanese, are Austroasiatic people, Asian people who have black skin, dwarf bodies, the Austroasiatic race is an australoid race that evolved, they came from South Asia, which is now called India, so Austroasiatic people are often not considered. Asia because its characteristics tend to be more similar to Australoid. than Asians
@@_MUHAMMAD__SAW__the majority of Indonesia are Javanese which are Austronesian, not Austroasiatic. And both Austronesian and Austroasiatic are part of mongoloid race, not australoid. You know nothing.
Speaking of traditional austronesian speakers not having any or very little austronesia admixture. Some tribes in Borneo particularly in the southwest have almost none. Or the Utsul/Hainan Cham have almost none.
Cham people in the former Champa kingdom area also have very little Austronesian components since they're assimilated Mon-Khmer people. Kra-Dai people might also be sibling group of Austronesian or even Austronesian themselves, although the Hlai from Hainan, Zhuang and Dai from South China, Thai, Lao and Shan people have some sizable Austronesian components related to the Filipino and some Southeast Taiwanese aborigines. The Kra, Buyang, Dong and Sui people have very high Austronesian components though.
Austronesian Peoples come from Taiwan (Formosa) ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-ihOQ18C3wl4.html Formosa(Austronesian) peoples/China Chinese Peoples in Taiwan ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-DiyAGZM1uVk.html
I'm Māori from NZ, Filipinos more close to Micronesian (some ), Polynesian.Haawain and Chuukede, Palauan and Yapase than they to thailand, indonesian, malaysian, Cambodia is Austro Asitic people's. and Guam/Chamoro people's more related to AustroAsiatic in Mainland SE Asian than to Filipino/Austronesians
That's wrong. Indonesia and Malaysia are Austronesian, while Thailand is Tai-Kadai and Cambodia is Austroasiatic. Indonesia is a huge country and have the biggest Austronesian ethnics diversity in the world.
@@lyd4712 Nope your wrong. Almost all Filipinos are pure Austronesian than indonesia how come Indonesia have the largest Austronesian ethnicity when they are so far in the Taiwan? Philippines and taiwan is much closer than indo. Im sorry but most of Indonesian look related to Malaysian with indian ancestry
Indian ancestry is extremely rare, lol. West Indonesians are mainly austronesian + austroasiatic, while the east is austronesian + melanesian. @@Jazzed143
excellent overview im descended from the first european born in new caledonia & to speak kanak pre colonisation, 170 years later we are still obsessed with austronesian culture! Worlds no 1 culture austronesia! x
Are there any study on the connection of languages and cultures of Taiwan, Northern Philippines, the people of Nagaland in India, People of Northern Lao, Northern Vietnam, Bai Yue of Southern China the to the rest of Austronesia? The geographic area I mentioned seemed to have similarities in terms of culture, hence maybe it has a connection to the rest of Austronesia. Ancient people North Vietnam people and the defunct Bai Yue of China were known to as expert seamen and navigators.
Yes. It's called the Austric hypothesis, which posits that the original peoples of southern China and mainland Southeast Asia are descendants of a common group. That includes Austronesians, Kra-Dai (Tai-Kadai), Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer), and Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yiao). All of these groups were displaced during the Han Expansion of the Sinitic peoples from up north, and were the ones referred to in Chinese records as the "Baiyue" or simply, the "Yue". Austronesian and Kra-Dai (modern Thais, etc.) are most likely sister groups, descendants of pre-Austronesians from the lower Yangtze, the Min River Basin, the Pearl River Basin, and Taiwan. They likely had extensive Neolithic contacts with the Hmong-Mien who formerly inhabited the upper Yangtze and much of the interiors of central China. The first domesticators of rice is a toss-up between these two groups. In turn, both likely also had extensive contact with the Austroasiatic groups (modern Vietnamese and Khmer, etc.) in the Mekong River basin and the Red River basin. Linguistically, it's difficult to establish relationships. But culturally, it's likely that they are distantly related or at least had extensive contact during the Paleolithic and early Neolithic. They have remarkably similar characteristics distinct from the more northern Tibeto-Sinitic groups; like the aforementioned rice farming and paddy-field technology, the same domesticates (chickens, ducks, pigs, dogs, water buffaloes), tattooing, teeth-blackening, stilt houses, similar long dugout paddled canoes (which were acquired by the Han Chinese and entered western consciousness as "dragonboats"), similar shamanic beliefs (particularly in water-based snake or sea serpent spirits vs. the chimeric Chinese dragons which had legs and were associated with mountains), similar art and designs (particularly in pottery and weaving), similar clothing (the wrap-around lower garments, pants, jackets, and head coverings; the early use of bark clothing; especially in contrast with Sino-Tibetan robe-like clothing), leaf-wrapped dishes, etc. The problem is that again, most of these groups don't live in their original homelands anymore because of the Sinitic expansions (from around 2000 BC to 200 AD). The Hmong-Mien were especially affected, being driven almost to extinction. The Kra-Dai survived by moving westwards to modern Thailand, Guangxi, and Yunnan. The Austroasiatic groups in Guangxi and Guangdong were mostly assimilated (the Cantonese people probably has an Austroasiatic substratum). The Vietnamese were even partially assimilated for 1000 years before breaking free. The mainland pre-Austronesians probably met a similar fate (many of the Min groups likely have a faint "Minyue" substratum, who were pre-Austronesian, which explains why these groups tend to be seafaring). Austronesians in Taiwan survived because of isolation.
- Taiwan and Southeast Asians speaks Austroasiatian which is different from the Northeast Indians (except Khasi and jandias as they speak Austroasiatian). - Tibet, Some south western provinces of china like Yunnan(there are tribes that speak Austroasiatic here too), indigenous tribes of Northeastern India, Burmese speak Tibeto Burman branch language unlike the Chinese (Han) who speaks sinitic language(Mandarin chinese). Culturally and Genetically Tibeto Burman are far distant to China(East asian) compared to Southeast Asian (Austroasiatian). - Also remember, the present china we know include Tibet and Western provinces like Yunnan which were forcefully annexed by the China as they don't consider themselves to be same to China(Han people). China also considers Taiwan to be under China when linguistically they are different showing different common ancestor. - So when it comes to Asians *East Asian( Eg Chinese- the Hans), *The south east Asians (Austroasiatian) eg: Philippians, Borneo, Indonesia *The tibeto Burmans (Tibet, Burma, Southwestern provinces of china where the tribe recites - some tribes speak Austroasiatic language too-, the North East India. Out of the 3, tribes of Southeast Asia and tribes of TibetoBurman share common culture and Genetically too, show greater closeness compared to the East Asians.
Vanuatu uses austronesian/polynesian language. Your genetic is melanesian, but you have been changed by the austronesian sailors that went there. They made you speak polynesian language. What is Five in your language? Lima? That's austronesian.
@@nurprimahidayah4620bro it not only Vanuatu. Most of Melanesians . Melanesian have many different ethnic groups. Some ethic Melanesian are just darker version of Polynesians. All are related
@Nagin-zt6sc Melanesians are the earliest human that came in the region. They can be found in the island of Papua and the surrounding islands, and they are related to Australian aborigines and Philippine's negritos. They are also distantly related to Indian Dravidas. In general, eastern Indonesians have 20-100% melanesian ancestry. However in the western region, there are only 1-5% melanesian genetic. They have specific characteristic like frizzy hair, dark skin complexion, sometimes blonde hair, and hairy body. I'm Indonesian... Some indonesians are very dark because we have melanesian blood. If you are southeast asian, you will notice that during SEA Games, some of our athletes look like black african. They are actually Melanesian, the black tribes from Asia and Oceanic region.
@Nagin-zt6sc What are you talking about? I know that melanesians in PI have papuan and austronesian ancestry. And why you said that their genetic is completely absent in SEA? You do realize in indonesia, there are 3 Provinces with papuan/melanesian genetics? We have NTT, Moluccas, and West Papua. The genetic makeup in PI can be found easily in SEA. The funny thing is, SEA is more diverse than PI. SEA has NEGRITO Philippines, Papuans, Austroasiatic, Austronesians, Tai Kadai, Sino Tibetan, and even "the typical oriental people" like Viets.
0:56 weird thay you dont include papua and australia since australian natives aborigin is part of austronesian and they had similar physical characteristic with timorese in sundaland region which you include it as austronesian...beyond that its useful and important educational video. Thank you for the video.
Because papua and australian aborigin are not austronesian. People in timor have some similar physical characteristic because they have interacted and crossbreeded with the native papuan and australian
@@nurprimahidayah4620 not to get into semantical arguments but for example, all Papua New Guineans will claim to be Papuans. But Papua New Guinea is a big island, and most coastal communities speak Austronesian languages. The Lingua franca, in PNG is Motu: an Austronesian language.
Austronesian language history *Yangtze riverm China O1a M-119 DNA paternal - Fujian South China- Taiwan Proto Austronesian Language - Philippines archipelago/ C1b2a(Negritos)- MalayoPolynesian Branch (Austronesian O1a and Negrito C1b2a people intermix and created the MalayoPolynesian Branch of Austronesian language- Borneo-Sumatra- Modern Malaysia mainland - and spreads
My Austronesian brothers and sisters, how do you count to 10? In our language called Waray (East Visayas islands, Philippines) we say: Usa Duha Tulo Upat Lima Unom Pito Walo Siyam Napulo
I've got a genuine question here, and I want to clarify that I'm not trying to offend or be insensitive in any way. I'm really intrigued by the fact that Austronesians never seem to have colonized Papua and Australia. It's puzzling to me because we know that native Australians and Papuans have been isolated for over 50,000 years, similar to Native Americans, which would theoretically make them susceptible to diseases from Asia if the Austronesians settled there. This could have made it easier for Austronesians to colonize these lands. Moreover, due to their isolation, the native populations in Australia and Papua did not have access to many of the technologies that Austronesians had through trade with Asia and their own innovations. also, Austronesians didn't just focus on small islands; they successfully colonized Madagascar and New Zealand so I don't see how the fact that Australia and Papua are huge has anything to do with that. I tried searching for an answer to this question online, but I couldn't find a satisfying explanation. That's why I'm asking here. Please understand that I'm genuinely curious and basing this on assumptions about how human history often unfolds when more advanced cultures interact with others.
Some Austronesians were actually not immune to Eurasian diseases like the Polynesians and even Guam. The Hawaiians and the Maori both suffered population collapse after contact with the Europeans. The Austronesians did settle in Papua but only on the coastal regions. I heard that the terrain there is quite difficult to pass through. And as for Australia, it might have something to do with the desert climate. And New Zealand and maybe Madagascar were uninhabited when Austronesians settled there.
@@AhmadAfif-sl8tc Bantu Africans were never seafarers, austronesian people reached Madagascar before Africans. Also the distance from Indonesia to Australia is mere kilometers while Africa and south America are oceans apart? We are talking about a culture here that goes from Africa to north America while somehow missed the huge landmass in the middle of their range.
@@JcDizon I find it intriguing that despite Northern Australia's geographical and climatic proximity to Indonesian islands, Austronesian people may not have settled there specifically. It's possible that the strong presence of native Australians played a role in this. Austronesian arrivals often came in smaller numbers, typically just a few boats, and lacked a unified centralized national identity or empires, which may have made a coordinated "invasion" and colonization of inhabited lands very hard. This is contrasted with European colonization, where larger numbers meant that even if one ship was repelled, the centralized powers would send 1000 more, making any native resistance almost impossible. (This is from what I understand from extra research I did after this comment)
Have you ever heard of Sulawesi people sailing to sea cucumbers in northern Darwin?. The Javanese were also masters of the seas, they ship called "Jung" these ships controlled important trade routes in southeast Asia Before Europeans came.. They also sailed to southern Australia Which was recorded by Europeans. They used Jung to trade and go to the war, even they defeating the Mongols. When the Javanese and Portuguese fought in the Strait of Malacca, the Javanese ships were much larger than the Portuguese has,The Portuguese even found a map of the Andalusian peninsula on Javanese maps. In my opinion, why the "Austronesians" didn't colonize Australia was because they had enough of the fertile natural resources where they lived (southeast Asia), They only sailed to Australia just to trade and barter with the native people. I don't agree if Australia is said to be an isolated place for thousands of years, because before Europeans, we Austronesians had contact with indigenous Australians. Not for colonization like Europeans, but for equal and profitable trade. It's a shame that when Europeans came to Australia, Austronesians were prohibited from sailing there. Hundreds of years of colonization and finally the Jungian shipping traditions of my ancestors were lost.
Did Chamorro people come from Philippines or Indonesia? I'm inclined to believe the Philippines because of the use of the "um" and "in", but there are words in Indonesian that are more similar to Chamorro than it is in Filipino. Or maybe Chamorros came from a mix of the two?
Fun fact. Thai and Lao people share ancestors with Austronesian but our ancestors sailed to southern china and moved to southeast asia after the mongolian invasion instead of the islands
Thai peoples ≠ South China Chinese peoples ≠ Austronesian peoples = Native Taiwanese = Native Indonesians = Native Filipinos😅 The Origins of the Austronesians ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-ihOQ18C3wl4.htmlsi=aK6DQLHzMXLM6Hea
Native Taiwanese (Austronesians) vs Military of the Qing dynasty China(Colonialism Chinese ）😅 ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-FbXW0uW4Ozc.htmlsi=-Cd36uC-PJj3h1SU
@@LilibethLyka Like most Indonesian ethnic groups, including the Sundanese of West Java, the Javanese are of Austronesian origins whose ancestors are thought to have originated in Taiwan, and migrated through the Philippines to reach Java between 1,500BC and 1,000BC
Really good video well explained, Peoples are just Saying "Austronesia Came from Taiwan" without reason nor mentioned "Theory" "Hypothesis" became cult of believe instead rationality science. I hope you make detailed version of Support and Weakness of Out of Taiwan, Out of Sundaland theory in the future.
Only Western Indonesians and Malaysians have roots in Mainland Southeast Asia. Half of their DNA comes from there, and the other half is Austronesian (from Taiwan). The rest of Austronesians don't have this Mainland Southeast Asian ancestry
there's no connection between austronesians and australian aborigines.. in fact, south indians are more related to australian aborigines than austronesians are
@@SmokingmeowYea, that's why I said mistakenly. The map is correct, including the exclusion of Papua / New Guinea from the shade, I just always find it funny a map of Austronesian carves out Australia.
as a javanese from indonesia, that speak javanese everyday, probably we understand other austronesian language such as malaysian language, tagalog philipines, and madagascar, but for oceania it's kinda "not that similiar"
bahasa melanesia banyaknya minta ampun, bahkan mungkin separuh lebih bahasa daerah di Indonesia dari papua dan sekitarnya😂. Makanya orang timur di Indo umumnya pakai bahasa melayu dari jaman dulu, faktanya bahasa khas timur itu lebih tua dari bahasa indo sendiri😂
@@bayuadiwicaksono6806 yap, setuju, bukan cuma melanesia dari papua / papua nugini aja sih, tapi juga beberapa negara seperti kepulauan solomon, kaledonia baru, ataupun vanuatu, mereka juga punya banyak banget bahasa dari 1 negara....
@@bayuadiwicaksono6806 faktanya, bahasa jawa sendiri bahasa native yang paling banyak tersebar, biasa nya disebarkan lewat orang jawa yang merantau ke tempat lain.... makanya bisa ada orang jawa di madagaskar, kita orang2 yang berjiwa petualang wkwkwkwkwk 🤣🤣🤣
The Origins of the Austronesians ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-ihOQ18C3wl4.html Austronesian Peoples/Chinese Peoples in Taiwan ru-vid.com/video/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE-DiyAGZM1uVk.html
@ejay11000 which makes sense bec they chamorros were decimated by soanish and japanese. Also, chamorros genes can be traced back to luzon, philippines.
@@ejay11000 Friend this sounds kinda fucked up, but the way I see it is Austronesians came and replaced other Austronesians. The language is surviving, albeit barely. The Filipinos having kids with the surviving Chamorros is a reintroduction of bloodlines that haven’t seen or interacted with each other in more than almost two thousand years if not more. I’m not saying celebrate the death of those people (because what happened is very messed up), but that happening was amazing. Imagine family (If the bloodlines can be humanized), that probably hadn’t seen each other in 2 thousand years, reuniting. All in all what the Spanish that came did, whether knowingly or unknowingly, was a crime and what they did should be put to Justice.
The ancestors of the Indonesian people were a tribe of sailors who sailed from Taiwan, to the islands in the Indian Ocean, the South China Sea, the Java Sea, to Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean. Western archaeologists call them by the term: 'Austronesians'
I as an Austronesian person lean towards using it as an identifier beyond languages. I see it more so as an island southeast asian identity though (western malayo polynesian)
Personally I'd reserve it for linguistic usage, but I don't object to the usage of "Austronesian" as an adjective e.g. to describe common cultural practices, not as noun referring to an individual of Austronesian heritage.
Theory and Genetics Y-DNA paternal haplo group O1a- m119=Taiwan Basal East Asians/Mongoloid race Proto Austronesian O3- m122= Sundaland Basal East Asians/Mongoloid race mixed to negritos O2a-m95= Basal East Asians/Mongoloid race Austroasiatic O3e-m134= Basal East Asians Sinitic Chinese K-p378= Sundaland Basal Austroloids Negritos or Australo Melanesian *Average Filipinos🇵🇭 DNA paternal is 50% O1a-m119, 30% O3-M122, 20% others *Average Indonesians🇮🇩 DNA paternal is 40% O2a-m95, 40% O3- m122, 20% others *Average Malaysians🇲🇾 DNA paternal is 40% O3-m122, 20% O3e-m134, 20% O2a-m95, 10% others
@@junirenjana because we have to comply to white people telling us that somehow its just a lingustic identifier even if we look alike, sound alike culturally some how related if you look good enough? Australians as white Europeans not unless they are obviously Austronesians. but somehow we cant do the same... cause you know colonizers divided us.
orang java pasti senang banget foto baju adat mereka jadi thumbnail vidio austronesian. by the way vidio sangat bagus sih penjelasannya. akan tetapi kalau orang flores dibilang melanesia atau campuran eropa sangat tidak percaya ,karena mayoritas fisik orang flores sudah banyak yang mirip wajah seperti orang jawa, kalimantan, batak ,cina , maluku dll . walaupun banyak yang mash ada fitur melanesia terutama dibagian flores timur.
