Why Were Caligae Open? When Were They Invented?

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The Roman military boot has a fascinating history behind it, full of things that not many people know about. How did they make them? How many did they need for a full legion? Why did they put iron nails under them? All of these questions will be answered on this video.
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#ancientromans #history #ancientshoes
Ancient Rome was originally an Italic settlement dating from the 8th century BC that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed. The Roman empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, though still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants and covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117.
Ancient Roman civilisation has contributed to modern government, law, politics, engineering, art, literature, architecture, technology, warfare, religion, language and society. Rome professionalised and expanded its military and created a system of government called res publica, the inspiration for modern republics such as the United States and France. It achieved impressive technological and architectural feats, such as the construction of an extensive system of aqueducts and roads, as well as the construction of large monuments, palaces, and public facilities.
By the end of the Republic (27 BC), Rome had conquered the lands around the Mediterranean and beyond: its domain extended from the Atlantic to Arabia and from the mouth of the Rhine to North Africa. The Roman Empire emerged with the end of the Republic and the dictatorship of Augustus Caesar. 721 years of Roman-Persian Wars started in 92 BC with their first war against Parthia. It would become the longest conflict in human history, and have major lasting effects and consequences for both empires. Under Trajan, the Empire reached its territorial peak. Republican mores and traditions started to decline during the imperial period, with civil wars becoming a prelude common to the rise of a new emperor.

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20 июн 2024

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Комментарии : 1,4 тыс.

@saintjackula9615 4 года назад

When I was young I was homeless, and I saw other homeless that had worn their boots for weeks at a time, afraid to take them off while they slept. When they removed them, they had to do it in stages, as they claimed the air itself hurt their skin. Their feet were raw and infected, and the socks came off in gobs of goo, real nasty. It smelled like death. Infections and cellulitis abounded. The proper care of feet has been often overlooked in history, but it is the health of the feet that has underwritten history time and again. Great video, thanks.

@PatriceBoivin 3 года назад

Here in Canada non-profit groups aiming to help homeless people are always asking for socks. In Winter, wool socks -- not the polyester crap which is cold when wet, but wool which stays warm even when wet. Thank you for sharing.

@shadowfoxcorp 3 года назад

I was also homeless when I was young. I'm glad I'm not anymore.

@kpaulsen01 3 года назад

Been there, done that.

@democracydignityhumanrights 3 года назад

I was homeless many years ago myself and I got trench foot for the reason you mentioned. I always slept with my socks and shoes on and never got the chance to change them out much. It’s really bad when your shit gets wet.

@democracydignityhumanrights 3 года назад

@@PatriceBoivin socks, shoes, blankets, coats, and tents, are the best things you can donate to the homeless besides just giving them food and/or money. I know on that last one people worry about them “getting high on my dollar” but even if that’s the case, so what they are gonna do it anyway and they live miserable lives, most people would want to get high if they lived in a tent and had no opportunity, just a constant fear about being messed with while you sleep, let them get high if that’s what they want I say.

@gso619 5 лет назад

The "Then just march barefoot" story is a great example of why so many emperors got stabbed.

@ismata3274 5 лет назад

sure, and they did obey, if you squint.... 🙃 one can march barefoot only on well tended garden/grass and paved/marble ground, which are found mostly in governmental buildings and palaces aroud the world. 😆 a bit stretch i know 😶

@ismata3274 5 лет назад

@LagiNaLangAko23 😆😂👍

@chapiit08 5 лет назад

Like the phrase "let them eat cake" commonly attributed to Marie Antoinette who ended up under the guillotine.

@Biden_is_demented 5 лет назад

I think she meant "let them eat pie", as in cow pie. Steamy, gummy cow pie, with a side of bot flies and maggots! Bon apetit!

@Hornet_Legion 5 лет назад

The boots are most important to protect the foot in combat. Most travelers walked barefoot for the same reason. Even if they owned footwear they would try to avoid wearing it due to their expense. My dad grew up during the depression. They saved their shoes for church. Most of the time they walked barefoot to school.

@Luciferofom 5 лет назад

Caligula: only Roman Emperor invented by the shoe. Makes sense.

@squidfish7144 5 лет назад

Most sensible thing about him!

@brancaleone8895 5 лет назад

and the only emperor in naming consul to his horse

@reggiebuffat 5 лет назад

The only emperor that is a shoe fetish...

@Janshevik 5 лет назад

@Karol Jeske yeah, we can see that depictions in case of Vlad Dracula and Ivan the terrible.

@maxdecphoenix 5 лет назад

@@christopherellis2663 So brave!

@andersengman3896 5 лет назад

You got to appreciate the fact that the Roman army had a signature marching sound.

@pedrosabino8751 3 года назад

like the siren of the germans ww2 dive bombers stuka

@willandersen3695 3 года назад

I can't tell if OP is jesting or not.

@thescarlethunter2160 3 года назад

@Legal Vampire victory through fear

@Baaweh 3 года назад

Meanwhile the Celts had not even the flutter of a kilt when it came time for battle! #FightNaked

@OnlyKaerius 3 года назад

@@Baaweh You gotta be more specific, since many Celts wore armor. It's the Picts that didn't(tribe from northeastern Scotland). Also the Tolistobogii, but they were Gauls.

@marcedroid4501 5 лет назад

Raph, no need to apologize for not uploading content as often. You owe us nothing, and your content is appreciated whenever it does come out.

@EricM93 5 лет назад

Don't forget also the prevention of foot rot/trench foot that the open design helped achieve. Trench foot could take thousands of men out of commission if they were marching in wet conditions for long enough. Open design likely helped keep the troop's feet healthy as well!

@804_grandstaff 3 года назад

😂😂😂 it don’t work like that

@zachcarder8681 3 года назад

@@804_grandstaff what doesn't work like that? Trench foot? Marching in wet boots fucks you feet up dude.

@matthiasthulman4058 3 года назад

@@804_grandstaff yes, it does. Trench rot, jungle rot, etc etc in every conflict there is an example of closed shoes/boots causing horrid problems for the soldiers.

@OkurkaBinLadin 2 года назад

@@matthiasthulman4058 Not just soldiers ;) blue collar workers are supposed to wear heavy duty boots on their shifts. Ask them about fungal infections... You dont have to be in jungle at all. Your feet are enclosed for whole day and you are sweating...

@matthiasthulman4058 2 года назад

@@OkurkaBinLadin pretty gross when you think about it lol

@Goldenleyend 5 лет назад

How could I be interested in roman footwear? Ask this man, he can make anything possible.

@metatronyt 5 лет назад

Ahah thanks

@silkwesir1444 5 лет назад

@@metatronyt what would interest me, how would they hold up to today's footwear when it comes to the task of walking A LOT. especially in comparison to modern casual/sports shoes... i guess modern military footwear would be a clear winner, while modern fancy shoes would be a clear loser (when it comes to the task)... not (just) in how long they last, but (also) how long the PEOPLE wearing them on last on average (when marching, before needing to take a break, or something like that)

@c4call 4 года назад

@@silkwesir1444 i presume that with the weak angles and feet modern people have, there'd be more of a break-in period for the person's feet, than for the caligae themselves, as your feet would have to strengthen and get more resilient, to deal with the lack of shock absorption in the caligae, as well as the lack of arch support.

@silkwesir1444 4 года назад

@@c4call thanks for your reply! it's not useless to reply to older comments. ;) I appreciate your input!

@Ostsol 5 лет назад

So... since they're technically not sandals, socks are okay? :D

@Mutski1579 5 лет назад

Curiously, he did say "Bandage your feet". Theoretically, this would mean 'Portyanki' (russian footwrap) This may, speculatively, be a possible origin of foot wrapping. :)

@christianweston2655 5 лет назад

Socks are always ok with sandals.. as long as u ain't thonging

@HandleMyBallsYouTube 5 лет назад

@@Mutski1579 They are definetly similar to the portyanki, though they were worn with different boots, so I'd imagine that during cold seasons they'd use something like wool to keep the feet warm.

@frankneugebauer6455 5 лет назад

From the Vindolanda letters we know that the soldiers in the 2nd century AD wore socks, not just wraps. Because they asked their mom to send them socks and underwear. So obviously nothing has changed in the army in 2000 years. 😎

@DSzaks 5 лет назад

Technically they are sandals.

@MegaMackproductions 5 лет назад

Legionnaires; Fighter Architect Road paver Bridge builder Chef Scout Cobbler

@metatronyt 5 лет назад

Muppet :D

@SamohtNox 5 лет назад

you forgot farmer aswell

@jeffreyroot6300 5 лет назад

Mack W. Clerks and police.

@silentdrew7636 4 года назад

@@SamohtNox well, until the years(decades?) leading up to the Marian Reforms.

@davidcervantes9336 4 года назад

But not shoemakers.

@crazyviking24 5 лет назад

So if a Roman soldier looked at a map of Italy, did he say "That looks like a Caligae?"

@Biden_is_demented 4 года назад

These caligae are made for stompin´!

@manta1969manta 4 года назад

Not. Cose don't have heells

@resourcedragon 4 года назад

I believe they have found a Roman street map but I am not sure that they had maps as we know them. I may be wrong on that - in which case the Metatron can make a video about Roman maps, which would be very interesting. Also possible: the Romans had maps but none survived for long enough for modern people to know about them.

@eternalemperorvalkorion750 4 года назад

resourcedragon the Romans had an accurate map of the Mediterranean Europe and possible Persia India and Han China but there’s lesser evidence for that areas being geographically mapped at this time

@crazyviking24 4 года назад

@@eternalemperorvalkorion750 I wouldn't call it tool accurate because having seen what the map looked like, the mediterranean etc were actually stretched out and distorted. They knew where India was but hadn't likely mapped it. China seems to have been more of a rumor.

@meisterwilbur4520 5 лет назад

So, basically, you're saying: The Asterix-scene about sliding through the palace in Londinium was historically accurate. Nice! Get well, Metatron!

@ThiccboiSalmon 5 лет назад

Yes

@Teverell 4 года назад

Ah, heck, I've got to get hold of Asterix in Britain! :D

@jacqueschouette7474 3 года назад

@@Teverell One of the best Asterix adventures.

@fedesh883 7 месяцев назад

By Toutatis!

@jeffreyplum5259 5 лет назад

I recall that cast off Calligae were recovered in huge numbers in British archaeological digs of the Roman forts abutting Hadrian's Wall. They were thrown in ditches where the wet conditions preserved them. This video explains why they were so common in the digs. They were the worn out tires of a foot borne military. More great work.

@Dowlphin 10 месяцев назад

Imagining archaeologists: "I found something! … Aw man, just another pair of frickin' calligae." - "We have all been there, young student. Better luck next time."

@HarryFlashmanVC 2 года назад

Another point MT. Boots and shoes with holes in them were common in other parts of Europe. The 'brogue' shoe, with its hole patterns is a modern stylised version if the shoe worn by Scottish Highlanders. The historical brogue had holes, much like a Croc to allow water to drain out of the shoe. Woolen socks would be worn. This allowed wet but warm feet. Until the advent of the rubber Wellington Boot, wet feet were a fact of life for anyone living in the rural British Isles. If you couldn't afford well made leather boots with natural waterproofing treatments like lanolin, wet feet were a reality so embraced, allowing water to drain out was very important. As you say with the caligae.

@vikingskuld 5 лет назад

Hey just wanted to say thanks for all your work and sharing your knowledge your videos are always the great accurate and entertaining. wonderful job

@BFDT-4 5 лет назад

And at 180€, you are simply not paying for the product, but also for the preservation of the craft and traditions of this historical footwear. And that goes for any of the accoutrements that a person who wears caligae would need. Fantastic!

@Teverell 4 года назад

Having done reenactment (different era, but still in a pre-machine period!) 180 Euros for footwear isn't actually that bad, all things considered. You're paying for the materials, the time, and the research and all the trials and errors that went into learning how to make what you're buying.

@hanfpeter2822 3 года назад

@@Teverell thats a price normal mass produced off the shelf fashionable bullshit shoes cost nowadays anyway.

@noneofyourbusiness3288 5 лет назад

Boots are almost more important than weapons for any army.

@noneofyourbusiness3288 5 лет назад

@Krzysztof Milański well to be fair you use your shoes way more than your weapon ;)

@ismata3274 5 лет назад

an army full of enfected feet wont be capable of any tactics, aside from being the bait of a bigger healthier army hiding back.

@f.c.laukhard3623 5 лет назад

The Battle of Gettysburg partly took place where it did because the Confederates were hoping to find boots there. They found boots alright. Problem was that they were worn by Buford's men.

@Wintermute909 5 лет назад

Sandles are just as important!

@duydangdroid 5 лет назад

If you lose your weapon, your nice boots will help you run

@akumabito2008 5 лет назад

Metatron, could you do anoher video on the logistics - or the "military industrial complex" of the Roman world? How was equipment standardized? Did it come in various sizes, or was it always tailored to the wearer? Were there blacksmiths and workshops that cranked out mass-produced pieces of equipment? Was there a lot of inconsistency with quality? Were there prefered armorers and could they charge more for their wares? Have any non-Roman arms, armor or equipment been adopted by the Roman military? So many intersting questions to explore!

@DerAlleinTiger 5 лет назад

I would love to hear about how they managed to make weapons and armor on a mass scale, particularly post-Marian Reforms or Imperial days when their legionaries became more professional soldiers than - essentially - large and well-equipped militias of earlier Rome. Did they have large armories pumping out cheap, simple, but effective swords by the day? Or did they more rely upon people having a build-up of extra swords and other pieces of armament they could use while they slowly replaced the old stuff? I'd find it very interesting if we had any idea as to how quickly a Roman armorer could pump out something like an average legionary's gladius. Would they have to make it from scratch so that it could take weeks? Or would they get raw materials from somewhere else so they could potentially hammer it out in a few days?

@JB-1138 2 года назад

Good questions.

@Blood_M4ster 5 лет назад

9:06: So the Roman Centurion sliding all across the palace's floor in "Asterix in Britain" is in fact historically accurate :p

@MaaZeus 5 лет назад

When Raph was describing the event my first thought also was that this is like something straight from the Asterix and Obelix comics. 😂

@SNP-1999 5 лет назад

@@MaaZeus It was from the ancient Jewish historian Josephus' book "The Jewish War" of AD 70, when a Roman Centurion slipped on the marble floor of the Temple of Jerusalem, the studs of his caligae giving him no grip on the polished floor tiles. He was subsequently killed by his Jewish enemies as he lay there, stunned and helpless. 😱

@Teverell 4 года назад

@@SNP-1999 I did think that sounded like Josephus! Thanks for narrowing it right down, though! :D

@CryonicArrow 3 года назад

When sliding in her DM’s goes wrong.

@mpetersen6 2 года назад

The Asterix in Britian reminds me of the Lindsey Davis novels featuring the Roman informer (detective) in Britian The Silver Pigs A Body in the Bathouse The Jupiter Myth The audio editions are highly entertaining due to the narrator

@lexnight 5 лет назад

You are what History channel SHOULD be, truly educational. You're fantastic.

@daveorilian5100 5 лет назад

Please do a video on roman army builders, it's always said they were 'builders' but that required detailed knowledge and training

@tonynapoli5549 5 лет назад

Speedy recovery and thank you for a well presented informative bit of history 👍

@TheJavaMonkey 5 лет назад

Glad you’re feeling better. This was great, I love the stuff more for the history buffs.

@Traderjoe 5 лет назад

I’ve wondered for a few years about the Roman roads, being smooth stone, how the legions marching on these stones, how the relentless pounding of hobnail bottomed boots by thousands of marching feet must have sounded. The scrapes and taps must have made quite the noise and the legions probably sang as they went and it probably took more than a day for a marching legion and their associated baggage train and support networks to pass by your house along these roads. The constant noise, the clanging of the metal, horses, cows, wagons, chariots, tools and equipment, feet stomping, singing, laughing, heckling each other, singing, whistling, etc etc. It had to be the noisiest thing the locals would ever experience. Remember, nobody had radio, tv or any other entertainment. So a passing legion must have been extremely entertaining and interesting to watch.

@kylesheehan7217 5 лет назад

Glad your feeling a bit better mate. Hope you recover fully soon, thoroughly enjoyed this type of video

@Glegionar 5 лет назад

I can say that I'm part of your core audience now and about what I would like to watch next is: a linguistic video! I really miss them, expecially the japanese ones! Take care of yourself Metatron, お大事に！

@extrasmack 5 лет назад

This is the kind of content many of us subscribed for in the first place! Thank you, Raf, for always sharing your knowledge and enlightening us. I, for one, welcome a return to your more academic, less edited or flashy videos. It's much nicer to have this type of informal lecture, accompanied by visual examples, of the subject matter. Almost feels like we've been invited into your sitting room to share a private discourse with our teacher, like the classical scholars or rabis tended to do with their students. It sets a very personal and comfortable atmosphere. Thank you for spreading your wings despite not feeling 100%. Hope you feel better soon.

@MichelleVisageOnlyFans 2 года назад

"Don't you ever call these Sandals, because they're not Sandals, they're Boots." *At the end of the video proceeds to show us the website that sells them, on which they clearly call them Sandals! 14:02 LOL!

@RYDR6517 2 года назад

nice sandals

@ironox8480 5 лет назад

Sweet! New Metatron video. Sorry to hear you were not feeling well and very glad your doing better.

@KamikazeKatze666 5 лет назад

Caligula was not in Germania as a child to be educated to become a soldier but because his father Germanicus was a general and travelling with his wife and children.

@trvenvt8265 5 лет назад

I believe in the video he says "they used to bring him to the front" for the purpose of education, rather than talking about him being "in Germania" in general. Of course he may have been in the region because of his father, but you wouldn't really bring your child to the battlefield without a reason, and seeing as he was a son of a famous general, he would be expected to follow in his steps, and thus it is more than reasonable to assume that he was brought to the front to be educated. Sorry for my bad English

@Halfdanr_H 5 лет назад

@@trvenvt8265 Your written English is absolutely fine. I just thought to tell you since you offered an apology for writing bad English. It's my first language and I understood it perfectly : )

@trvenvt8265 5 лет назад

@@Halfdanr_H Thank you! It means a lot to me to get such a compliment from a native speaker.

@Riceball01 5 лет назад

@@trvenvt8265 Germanicus was a bit more than just a famous general, he was also the nephew(?) of Tiberius(?) and was the next in line to the throne.

@samfrost9957 5 лет назад

@@trvenvt8265 i guess u're italian 😁

@jacobstaten2366 5 лет назад

1:44 "It was the other way around." The caliga invented Caligula. Ray Stevenson said they were incredibly uncomfortable and asked the director of the Rome series if he could walk around barefoot instead.

@reddeath7997 5 лет назад

Well thanks for the cool video. Alot of good information. Hope you feel 100% soon, we need our Metatron.

@kevlarandchrome 5 лет назад

Fascinating video, I love this historical minutia type of stuff, thank you. Feel better soon.

@Plastikdoom 5 лет назад

Are you not entertained? Is this not why you are here!?

@Thezaccazzac 5 лет назад

i would love some more quick simple specialized history dumps like this

@donaldhill3823 5 лет назад

As always very informative. I have not come across the videos saying Caligula invented these boots. I first heard/read about the "Little Boots" story when I was an early teen so I assumed everyone knew that is where his nick name came from. Thank you, for correcting it for those who did not know.

@steveholmes11 5 лет назад

Really interesting video there. Thanks for posting it. I'm glad to see you're on the road to recovery.

@__prometheus__ 5 лет назад

Being a Legionnaire must’ve been so cool since you had a well rounded knowledge of many jobs.

@butragenjo007 2 года назад

+ they get to kill, rape and pillage and they got paid for it

@Tugela60 2 года назад

Not to mention being a literal human pack mule when marching, plus rebuilding forts on a daily basis.

@vanessacontreras2256 Год назад

@@Tugela60 and probably dying stabbed in the throat or something like that haha i still admire romans so much tho

@ascaloncrusader 5 лет назад

Love your vids, my boy! Be well!

@PepperDoom 5 лет назад

TY for the upload , very informative. Ave!

@thevioletskull8158 5 лет назад

I’m glad you’re feeling better!

@huntclanhunt9697 4 года назад

"Its actually the other way around." You mean Caligula was invented by a sandal? This... Explains a lot.

@huntclanhunt9697 3 года назад

@Saksham lal open boot = sandal

@mativit5301 3 года назад

i have a theory that Caligula was abused by Tiberus when he was a boy. There is a good video on prime: Empires, each episode for each caesar/emperor. And...he was not that bad compare to Nero; but then again it all depends on who writes the history.....

@huntclanhunt9697 3 года назад

@@mativit5301 I heard he started out ok then got sick and went crazy afterwards.

@paulinelarson465 3 года назад

@@huntclanhunt9697 Meningitis ? ? Possibly

@andrewfujiki616 5 лет назад

Here we go. Now, this is the Metatron content I know and love.

@tekannon7803 2 года назад

What is remarkable is how well designed the Caliage were; they have a very nice look about them and it must have been very impressive to see a fully dressed soldier ready for combat. Thanks for this very interesting videocast.

@GerhardAlbinus 5 лет назад

Fantastic tutorial. Thank you for creating this video and sharing it!

@NathanielHarari 5 лет назад

"What's this, then?" "It says: Romans, don't kick me in the shins!" "No, it doesn't...!"

@amandagardner565 4 года назад

Romani ite domum

@traildoggy 2 года назад

Imagine the entire army wearing fluorescent Crocs.

@Solitude11-11 2 года назад

😂

@artkoenig9434 4 года назад

Thank you! Very helpful in understanding the lowly but quite important caligae.

@giomorente9843 5 лет назад

Great video! These videos about historical innovation and culture keep my interest the most out of the topics you cover.

@JETWTF 5 лет назад

Why were they open? Because Romans liked small stones in their shoes when marching.

@nihilisticmonkeydancing9806 5 лет назад

Thats how hard men are produced...

@JETWTF 5 лет назад

@@nihilisticmonkeydancing9806 That and sandpaper toilet paper after chili night.

@mandolinic 5 лет назад

Those Romans weren't hard. Hard men have their hobnails INSIDE their caligae!

@nihilisticmonkeydancing9806 5 лет назад

@@mandolinic Real hard men don't wear caligae but bare feet with hobnails.

@Biden_is_demented 5 лет назад

Stinky feet are not happy feet.

@danthemansmail 5 лет назад

It never occurred to me before, but I bet superior footwear was a major benefit on the battlefield.

@Sorrywhytescaresu 3 года назад

I just found your content sir, absolutely fantastic! I love this kind of detail and focus on historically significant subjects.

@jewelbrown7037 2 года назад

Thank you for your excellent explanation of where the term "little boots" came from! I pray you get better soon!

@charlescorrea5963 5 лет назад

Thank you for the history lesson, love the way you pronounce the emperors names.

@mikeh7917 5 лет назад

Stepping on to the basketball court....wearing my Air Caligulas!

@vincentcalvelli6452 5 лет назад

Thank you for the information. I hope you are feeling better.

@coreyjackson9911 5 лет назад

Thanks for the video even though you weren't feeling 100%! I hope you feel better soon!

@metatronyt 5 лет назад

Thanks mate!

@Knight_Of_The_Blood_Moon 5 лет назад

#Notificationsquad I love these kinds of semi-obscure facts👌🏻

@thebeardman7533 5 лет назад

me to I love it

@gumtreessaltwater6273 5 лет назад

Me 3 its good to know

@jvlivs777twitch6 5 лет назад

This is the masterpiece video that i m so long to wait for this historical fact bout roman.thx :)

@tominnorcal 5 лет назад

Happy to see you feeling better! Thanks for the excellent video!

@metatronyt 5 лет назад

Thank you for watching Kind sir

@davidm1563 5 лет назад

I actually do love these type of videos where it's about an almost random topic that you never would really think about yet is actually really fascinating.

@forsetigodofjusticeexcelle7506 5 лет назад

"How Durable was a pair of Caligae" The one you pictures was relatively in tact, made of leather and it survived in an "Obviously a boot" state after that long.

@tasnacornelis4775 5 лет назад

The hobnails also improves the lifetime of the soles on hardened roads

@paulmentzer7658 3 года назад

but increases the risk of Frostbite in winter, thus armies that plan to fight in winter today use some sort of Goodyear welt that avoids the use of metal on the soles and heels of modern combat boots. Metal transport the cold on the ground right into your feet. Hobnail boots lead to massive lost of German troops as their Moscow in 1941 and one of the reasons the Germans failed to take Moscow in 1941

@tasnacornelis4775 3 года назад

@@paulmentzer7658 Hobnails are never in direct contact with the foot. So I doubt that the hobnails increase the risk on frostbite. It would rather be the open nature of the shoe that increases the risk of frostbite rather than a few hobnails. The Goodyear welt does improve water resistance of a shoe (and indirectly decreases the chance on frostbite).

@Ravangers 5 лет назад

already knew a lot about the Caligae, now I know even more, always entertaining and informative

@MrBoombast64 5 лет назад

Good that you feel better, and nice video as always!

@shadowmaster9279 5 лет назад

I like how you can see that they are used (mud and grass between the nails) 😀👍

@TheMrCos1 4 года назад

In Spain there's an expression: "Mas liado que la pata de un romano" wich means "more tangled than a roman's foot"

@JS-hf3oz 4 года назад

Clever! Me gusta!

@noctilucent4457 5 лет назад

Truly fascinating stuff as usual Raff! I hope you get well soon mate.

@wadejustanamerican1201 5 лет назад

Thanks for the video and hope you continue to get better.

@TheDeans1982 5 лет назад

"Talk about joining the army for the booty." Ha, good stuff man 😂 Great video, very informative.

@metatronyt 5 лет назад

Thanks :D

@abrakhocus 5 лет назад

Glad to hear your feeling better, get well soon!

@skeptic2832 4 года назад

Happy to hear you are feeling better

@xariasfury5782 5 лет назад

Did the romans also wrap their feet to avoid abrasion for long marches?

@patriciaalexander6415 5 лет назад

Xarias Fury I once read RomanS wore socks under their sandals in cold weather and to bake their own bread too, after they had fortified their camp!

@cindyknudson2715 4 года назад

@@patriciaalexander6415 they wore socks to keep their feet warm and bake their bread? 😳 Like a steak under the saddle?? 🤔 I must be misunderstanding your comment. 🤷

@stanciucatalin7267 5 лет назад

What if they were marching in snow?

@nostradumbass7959 5 лет назад

hope you feel better,glad you're back.

@rubenherrera3852 5 лет назад

I've enjoyed your presentation and appreciate it's quality! Very interesting and professional. Top grade!

@malahamavet 5 лет назад

I didn't expect a video about shoes to be so interesting. Can you do more videos about clothing? I'm interested in seeing how would they dress for different temperatures like when they go to colder places. I don't want to keep imagining the romans in Britania, Germania or Dacia always with short sleeve tunics. It would be interesting as well how their underwear looked like. I saw a picture of women doing exercise and they looked like they had ancient bikinis. And that makes me ask another question: ¿did they go to the beach? In general. Did any culture in any period of history go to the beach as we do now? I understand sun cream didn't exist but i allways think of that when i see civilizations near the sea

@kevlarandchrome 5 лет назад

Seconded, I think that would make some very interesting videos.

@ClydeC 5 лет назад

Prima commentarus!

@DavidHerrera-gw5iv 5 лет назад

I really love those Caligae boots, they look so bad ass and now that I know this fact of the sound they made, those Caligae are a lot more bad ass for me! Amazing video!

@ashakrishnan388 2 года назад

Engaging narration backed by cohesive details! I like this channel!

@equesdeventusoccasus 5 лет назад

There is a work of historical fiction titled "Household Gods" in which a modern woman trades places with her Roman Era ancestor. Judith Tarr and Harry Turtledove co-authored the book in 1999. There were many little details tossed in, which I found interesting, but I had no easy way to verify which were truth versus rubbish. Then I thought Metatron reviews / debunks videos, maybe he will branch out into historical fiction reviews.

@patrickbrennan1317 5 лет назад

equesdeventusoccasus I read that book so funny that she wanted a simpler life be careful what you wish for

@equesdeventusoccasus 5 лет назад

@@patrickbrennan1317 it's my favorite Turtledove book. I actually do hope Metatron reads & reviews it. I feel strange recommending a book of historical fiction to others when I don't know if it's accurate in the history part.

@RonJohn63 5 лет назад

14:55 Bah humbug to that flashy editing crap. This was an excellent video, and I'm not a regular viewer. 15:13 *Train* them to have a longer attention span.

@adastra5214 5 лет назад

Loved the video, hope you get well and feel better soon.

@Matt_The_Hugenot 5 лет назад

Glad to see you back and a really interesting video.

@ronin47-ThorstenFrank 5 лет назад

I´m surprised about the actual profile - I didn´t know it was so sophisticated. I remember from my time in school (some 35 years ago) that wasn´t taught back them to this degree. Also, I´m wondering if the Roman Legionaires had to buy them from their own money if they eventually had specialized versions (e.g. cold weather and even different versions for paved warfare. Note different doesn´t mean WITHOUT nails in this case) like modern special operation soldiers optimize their equipment. Considering the professional nature of the Roman military I consider this not as far fetched as someone might think. Maybe someone who knows more could drop a line or two.

@cebenify 5 лет назад

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, Princeps of Rome and god of the Roman people must make his presence known and make his horse a consul.

@TheJavaMonkey 5 лет назад

Hail Incitatus! Hail!

@iamplay797 5 лет назад

wow megatron!! i missed your quality content great to see you back and healthy

@robertyoung1317 5 лет назад

Great video brother Metatron! Focus on your health first always my friend.

@ASMProductions1997 5 лет назад

Hey metatron, I was wondering if you know about tattoos in Rome? Did they have tattoos? Did they know about them? And what did they think of them if they encountered them in other groups of people?

@shadowmaster9279 5 лет назад

I know that they knew of them but I dont know if they had tattoos or what they thought of them...

@joeampolo42 5 лет назад

Nineteenth century racists believed 'white' people did tattoos and 'black ' did ritual scarification. Modern American basketball players disprove the one and contemporary German dueling scars disproved the other. Sailors and fisherman who expected an unmarked corpse might wash ashore from time to time would sometimes wear clan knitted pattern sweaters in Scotland, so I've heard. After encountering Polynesians, tattoos became common throughout the trade. How strongly did Romans feel about not leaving anyone behind? I suspect they knew about tattoos, but I'm not sure they were ever popular. Circumcision was not.

@ASMProductions1997 5 лет назад

@@shadowmaster9279 yeah I wondered if they had an indifference to them, maybe a Japanese approach to them, marking people as criminals, or if they saw them as barbaric

@ASMProductions1997 5 лет назад

@@joeampolo42 amazing what racist people can believe eh?

@joeampolo42 5 лет назад

@@ASMProductions1997 Crazy nonsense, eh?Under the influence of Greek notions celebrating the human form, I suspect they found them barbaric, but in formerly Celtic lands, maybe they still held favor? I think the SPQR in 'Gladiator' was just a Hollywood fantasy.

@phylismaddox4880 5 лет назад

I suspect you answered the question of why they tossed boots instead of resoling them. Homemade repairs don't match the workmanship of specialists. They literally lived or died on their feet - it wasn't enough to have boots; they needed the best fitting boots they could get. The smart choice would be to buy from a good cobbler rather than risk nails popping through incorrectly made soles or the agony of marching on badly fitting boots. It's possible that soldiers would have prized boots above some other parts of their armor. Armor is useless if your feet are so bad that you can't fight, Also, with that kind of unrelenting abuse, even the uppers were probably beyond repair or getting close to it.

@joeampolo42 5 лет назад

The ancient Egyptian Ankh seems to represent the the sandal strap of their footwear, the value of which was already understood when the Romans invented the caligae. Ankh is taken to mean 'life', I believe.

@Sphere723 5 лет назад

I work in the trades and wear out boots on a regular basis. The bottom line is leather just deteriorates. It gets brittle overtime, starts to crack and eventually tears. The question of why didn't they just repair them is simple. The whole thing is leather, and when the leather is shot what is there left to repair? I can tell you that with guys who work on their feet all day, the last thing they skimp on is boots. I am sure Roman soldiers were the same way.

@phylismaddox4880 5 лет назад

@@Sphere723 Exactly.

@Wintermute909 5 лет назад

Merriam-Webster "caliga. 1 : a heavy-soled Roman military shoe or *sandal* worn by all ranks up to and including centurions" "Sadal: light shoe with either an openwork upper or straps attaching the sole to the foot."

@citizensoldier4778 3 года назад

My experience as a soldier indicates you're right on. Boots last a good while, but the soles are generally unsalvageable. I can further support your analysis that they would value properly made boots. we still do, boots and socks receive inordinate care, right up there with weapon maintenance.

@chaosvolt 5 лет назад

Good to hear you're feeling better.

@carloko08 4 года назад

very good video, metatron, as always, excelent information ;)

@blackfire_vanadium541 5 лет назад

Caligula disliked this content

@JulianusMaximianus 5 лет назад

You know what they say about men whom wear small boots?

@blackfire_vanadium541 5 лет назад

@@JulianusMaximianus No, what do they say?

@user-qz9vm4tx4e 5 лет назад

Metatron, I know this is extremely off topic, but don't please use antibiotics when you have flu. Flu (or influenza) is caused by virus, not bacteria, so antibiotics don't have any effect on it. Such cases of misuse of antibiotics lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, which is not really good. PS: I don't know your history of disease, maybe your doctor prescribed them to you. But generally speaking you don't want to use antibiotics when you have flu. PPS: Get better, cheers, mate :D

@joeampolo42 5 лет назад

Perhaps there might be a relationship between microbial pathogenic load and health. Reducing bacteria 'might help' the body cope with viruses (viri?), but your point is well taken. Oregano is said to be fungicidal and 'might help' as well. He might try pizza and spaghetti with extra oregano in the sauce. Probably wouldn't hurt. Bono Apetito ( I thtink that's right.)

@user-qz9vm4tx4e 5 лет назад

@@joeampolo42 I get your point, but it has a lot of drawbacks too. Taking antibiotics is like carpet bombing, it really messes with your intestinal microflora which effects your ability to digest certain types of food. Which, is not really good for you. PS: Actually I looked it up, and the plural for virus is 'vira' :D

@joeampolo42 5 лет назад

@@user-qz9vm4tx4e That's why I said your point is well taken. If there's any value to reducing microbial load, I prefer something less likely to to mess with the works. Something like oregano or possibly gentian violet. I decline giving anything like medical advice, but a good recipe for sauce is another matter. I don't think gentian violet would work in sauce.

@user-qz9vm4tx4e 5 лет назад

@@joeampolo42 Well I don't know much about italian sauces xD Anyways, thanks for the conversation, kind sir *bows*