വാഹനമുള്ളവർ ഉറപ്പായും കാണുക. Catalytic Converter Explained in malayalam | Queen on wheels 

Catalytic converter is an essential part of a vehicle's exhaust system.It helps to lower the number of toxic pollutants emitted into the air by converting hazardous combustion gases into less harmful substances like water vapour ,carbon dioxide etc.
The exhaust from the engine contains harmful pollutants like hydrocarbon , carbon monoxide and Nitrogen oxides (NOx).Inorder to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide a process called oxidation takes place inside the catalytic converter.A two way catalytic converter or oxycar only reduces these emissions.Inorder to reduce the nox a reduction process is needed.This type of catalytic converter that allows the reduction of nox , carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are known as three way cat or redox cat.
The whole process happens by two stages.The catalysts used in cats are platinum, palladium and rhodium.A catalyst is a substance that causes or accelerate a chemical process ,and participate in that reaction without being affected that is a catalyst is neither a reactant nor a byproduct.The first stage is reduction ,in this stage oxygen is removed form nox thus leaving nitrogen and oxygen seperately.The catalyst in this stage are platinum and rhodium.
In the second stage carbon monoxide and the hydrocarbons are reduced by oxidation.Platinum and palladium are the catalyst used at the oxidation stage. To effectively manage this the gases have to go through a wider contact area.Thus each stages have a honeycomb structure made of ceramic, inorder to expand the surface area.The catalyst are only coated to the surfes thus reducing the cost cause these catalysts are very expensive.
Oxygen plays a vital role in the cat.A lean mixture and a rich mixture affects the reducing of the emission of one or the other pollutant.So as to creat a balance Oxygen sensor is placed before the cat, called upstream or pre cat oxygen sensor.This shows high voltage if the mixture is rich and vice versa.Also another oxygen sensor is used before the cat called downstream or post cat sensor.This helps to monitor the working of catalytic converter.
A fault cat and or oxygen sensor can be a reason for the failure in pollution test and it will reduce the mileage of vehicle.
To know more about catalytic converter and Oxygen sensor watch the video till the end
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