there’dn’t’ve

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This script was a nightmare to pronounce. •
Written with Molly Ruhl and Gretchen McCulloch. Gretchen's podcast has an episode all about this: lingthusiasm.com/post/6625355... •
More Language Files: • Tom's Language Files
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Graphics by William Marler: wmad.co.uk
Audio mix by Graham Haerther and Manuel Simon at Standard Studios: haerther.net
REFERENCES:
Zwicky, Arnold M. 1977. On clitics. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
Anderson, S. R. 2005. Aspects of the theory of Clitics. New York: Oxford University.
Palmer, F., Huddleston, R., & Pullum, G. 2002. Inflectional morphology and related matters. In R. Huddleston & G. Pullum (Authors), The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (pp. 1565-1620). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316423530.019
Zwicky, Arnold M. 1994. What is a clitic? In Nevis, Joel A. & Joseph, Brian D. & Wanner, Dieter & Zwicky, Arnold M. (eds.), Clitics: a comprehensive bibliography 1892-1991, xii-xx. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Pullum, G.K., & Zwicky, A.M. 1997. Licensing of prosodic features by syntactic rules: the key to auxiliary reduction.
Zwicky, A.M. 1970. Auxiliary Reduction in English. Linguistic Inquiry, 1(3), 323-336.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 2003. ‘Constructions in grammaticalization.’ In Brian D. Joseph &
Richard D. Janda (eds.) The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwel
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Опубликовано:

15 окт 2023

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Комментарии : 6 тыс.

@TomScottGo 8 месяцев назад

Want to know what those weird linguistic symbols were? Find out in older Language Files videos on the playlist: ru-vid.com/group/PL96C35uN7xGLDEnHuhD7CTZES3KXFnwm0

@qwertyuiop.lkjhgfdsa 7 месяцев назад

@elliot_729 7 месяцев назад

@Ranyyz 7 месяцев назад

One month ago ??

@U.KGoverment 7 месяцев назад

1 month?

@astiLP 7 месяцев назад

a solid month ago

@UNIPantherFan87 7 месяцев назад

Feels like we are back to our true Tom Scott roots with this one.

@minorii24 7 месяцев назад

old fans are getting fed well today

@keinname2481 7 месяцев назад

because it literally is an old video

@DoctorX17 7 месяцев назад

A thematical blast from the past

@rogerc7960 7 месяцев назад

Degree in linguistics

@proloycodes 7 месяцев назад

I thoght this was old

@AJCham 7 месяцев назад

I feel like the reason we didn't learn this in school is because they knew the lesson would grind to a halt the moment the teacher said "clitic".

@Autoskip 7 месяцев назад

That'd depend on when it came up in the curriculum - and I for one would love the contrast of kids excitedly talking about how they learned about how to properly brush their teeth and why clitics only sometimes work.

@Aimismyname 7 месяцев назад

hehe

@DarthLiam-gd1wc 7 месяцев назад

If you taught them before the age of 10 it wouldn't go so poorly, however it might be to complex for kids of that age to understand.

@mgraham0160 7 месяцев назад

@favna 7 месяцев назад

@@Autoskipno the class would’ve auto skipped to laughter regardless of age

@EdwardMillen 6 месяцев назад

But you said "there'd'nt've" so smoothly and confidently that it actually made me feel like there'd'nt've been any problems with it!

@ClifffSVK 6 месяцев назад

there'sn't

@eskarinakatz7723 6 месяцев назад

I mean, it, or something like it, could pop up in regular, if rushed, speech, from saying “there wouldn’t have” really fast.

@carsonianthegreat4672 6 месяцев назад

It’s a very common word in the Midwest.

@DoctorMagoo111 6 месяцев назад

Everyone's already said as much, but I want to add a second confirmation that those words being said fast enough to functionally be contracted is very common in the US Midwest.

@13lckr 6 месяцев назад

Adding on to the midwest validation stack, I was a little confused when he said it didn't work because it very much did to my ears, I've probably said that exact contraction in the past 24h to be honest

@r-mur 6 месяцев назад

@ 1:04 The subtitles explaining that "we know that because it doesn t attach to individual words" is just BRILLIANT!!

@teho1536 6 месяцев назад

I feel like that was just a typo. It doesn't actually demonstrate what Tom is explaining at the time at all...

@null_pointer_deref 6 месяцев назад

@@teho1536 What do you mean? It's exactly an example of why a clitic wouldn't stand on its own. There isn t a typo like that in the rest of the subtitles. So yes, it is brilliant!

@teho1536 6 месяцев назад

yes, it is a great example of how a clitic wouldn’t work on its own. but that’s not what tom’s describing at the time. he’s describing how clitics attach to whole phrases (the dog from the park’s collar) and not individual words (the dog’s from the park collar). he’s not saying anything about how clitics can’t go on their own.

@tropixyzrp2k173 4 месяца назад

nah it was not a typo that s briliant

@SeffMeff Месяц назад

@Charles-In-Charge 7 месяцев назад

As an American Southerner, they’d’nt’ve and y’all’d’nt’ve are both perfectly normal parts of speech

@hazmatt8349 7 месяцев назад

Exactly. Ya'll'nt try'n hard'nough.

@Everfalling 7 месяцев назад

Also would’nt’ve

@wellthatwasdaft 7 месяцев назад

In my dialect (Yorkshire-ish, middle class), "wouldn't've" can be shortened right down to "wou'n'a".

@alexanderstrickland9036 7 месяцев назад

⁠⁠@@wellthatwasdaftit’d be wouldn’ta or wou’n’a as well here in the South of the US

@Hoonter 7 месяцев назад

Y'all'dn't've immediately came to mind. Use it all the time

@timwilson032 7 месяцев назад

Every time Tom does a linguistics video in front of a piece of lined paper the world heals just a little bit more.

@uncinarynin 7 месяцев назад

So true, in comparison all my English teachers in school were ... sub-par, to put it politely.

@kjyost 7 месяцев назад

Old school!

@rustygear447 7 месяцев назад

yes

@Meanslicer43 7 месяцев назад

hell, he does it and ends up on the Trending page, he is currently #20

@bob1234881 6 месяцев назад

But then he doesn't stick to the lines... 😂

@RoximRox 6 месяцев назад

I'm going to be honest, "there’dn’t’ve" didn't sound necessarily wrong as compared to the other examples given. I feel as if I've heard it before in an American southern dialect.

@MineKing506 6 месяцев назад

It’s the same as “shouldn’t’ve”. I regularly say it and a lot of other people i know do

@silverwriter6739 6 месяцев назад

Southerner here. I definitely use "there'dn't've" and I know many others who do, too. There's also "y'all'd've" (usually pronounced, "yalldah") or the negative, "y'all'dn't've" (usually pronounced, "yalldnah"). Examples: If y'all'd been outside last night, y'all'd've seen that eclipse. Y'all wouldn't've missed it if y'all'dn't've been so lazy. Then there'dn't've been anything to complain about.

@ohokay4663 6 месяцев назад

@@silverwriter6739 ah, yes. the good old triple and quadruple contractions.

@howdyfriends7950 6 месяцев назад

I'm from california, and I've said there'dn't've in spoken language before, and i know for a fact that I've written it within the last year because there'dn't've is in my phone's dictionary. i can type it without changing pages for apostrophe by just typing the letters out without apostrophes and then tapping the top-middle option.

@Gamed-dd7tj 5 месяцев назад

@@silverwriter6739I think there might be some misunderstanding here. I think the point tom is trying to make is that in order to use clitics, you need to have something following for example, in your example you said "if yall'd been outside last night, yall'd've seen that eclipse" which is perfectly grammatical. But, (please forgive me if I'm wrong) I believe if you were to say "did you see the eclipse last night? if yall'd been outside, yall'd've." this would be ungrammatical and sound odd now as to whether or not it actually is ungrammatical I'm not really sure, but I think that's the issue tom is trying to tackle in the video, not necessarily whether or not it's impossible to use terms like those in any circumstance

@levigrant6982 6 месяцев назад

I absolutly love that when you watch a tom scott video you dont know if it was from 10 days ago or 10 years ago, keep up the good work king!

@CoreenMontagna 7 месяцев назад

I’ve always found it fascinating how in British English people commonly say “I’ve not__” while American English is usually “I haven’t___” with the difference being which two words are contracted for “I have not.”

@AJCham 7 месяцев назад

Is it similar with "it's not" and "it isn't"? For what it's worth, as a Brit I believe I do use both versions of each, but probably use "I've not" and "it's not" more often. Although, this is one of those things that's so subconscious, I'm not entirely certain even of my own normal usage, now that I try to deliberately think about it.

@1pcfred 7 месяцев назад

American English is distinctly different from the King's English. Which is why I just say I speak American today. I can hardly understand British when they talk.

@theflyingspaget 7 месяцев назад

Does this mean I'm from the middle of the Atlantic with my I'ven't?

@8Hshan 7 месяцев назад

@@AJChamDamn, it seems like I, being a non-native English speaker preferring some kind of British English over American, have been unconsciously using the more British variants of those contractions, nice 😄

@poe_slaw 7 месяцев назад

@@AJCham I’m American, and it’s not similar. “It’s not” and “it isn’t” are both common in American English but most contractions where “have” is reduced sound distinctly British. The only exception I can think of is when “have” comes before something that can’t be contracted like “got”

@ldsmusician 7 месяцев назад

I have five children. My eldest contracted "I am not" as "I amn't" rather than "I'm not," and its usage accidentally became so common that it carried through to his younger siblings.

@danielszekeres8003 6 месяцев назад

If you arent and it isnt make perfect sense, theres no reason why i amnt shouldnt work

@marcasdebarun6879 6 месяцев назад

‘I amn’t’ is often used in Ireland as the usual way to contract ‘I am not’, funnily enough (although ‘I’m not’ is still common of course).

@andygaus1975 6 месяцев назад

That's what ain't is originally for, as a contraction of am not.

@bubblewrapstargirl 6 месяцев назад

Then you did your child a mild disservice, like those parents who don't teach their kids the right pronunciation of basic things. The kids turn up at school and they're behind their peers in class because they can't speak properly.

@bobbodaskank 6 месяцев назад

It's funny how that stuff happens. My fist son mispronounced "ground pound" as "bound cround" when playing Mario, and both his younger siblings and cousins all say it now too

@liarliarimonfire 6 месяцев назад

"can't attach affixes like -able and un-." Unable

@BigBoyRoma Месяц назад

Able is an adjective in that situation

@charlotteb6450 6 месяцев назад

you just explained something so clearly and concisely in 3 examples that my linguistics textbook couldn't convey to me in 3 whole pages thank youuuu

@DrFeltcher 7 месяцев назад

Tom is performing a vital public service teaching viewers about finding the clitic.

@pd4165 7 месяцев назад

That's soooo 70's. These days we're all about the G.

@Stu_1977_SEmelb 6 месяцев назад

@@pd4165 The G... 🤔 - the Grammar? 😃

@Aceptron 6 месяцев назад

Maybe the real clitic is the friends we made all along

@piggydabest 6 месяцев назад

Wild

@VanVeniVidiVici 6 месяцев назад

@@Aceptron I, too, have found many clitics.

@aarontitus1230 7 месяцев назад

After my six-year old spontaneously started saying "I amn't," instead of "I'm not," I wondered why English never adopted this perfectly reasonable alternative. I found that we had, and the modern-day descendant is "I ain't."

@DeltaruneRalsei 7 месяцев назад

"How are you?" "I amn't doing bad." why do i imagine this being real ok im doing it now irl

@RichardGadsden 7 месяцев назад

You hear it occasionally in some Scottish dialects.

@heliofaros1344 7 месяцев назад

I'mn't? Even shorter but neglecting the intended negation

@DontYouDareToCallMePolisz 7 месяцев назад

@@heliofaros1344 I'n't

@Ralesk 7 месяцев назад

Team amn't represent :D

@Rain-ie3xm 6 месяцев назад

I love people who explain why things are, and not just that they are

@oliverpolden 6 месяцев назад

Tom would be the best stand in teacher ever. He can teach anything.

@Mupworp 7 месяцев назад

"Mustn't've" is one that I use regularly in speech but the second it's written down it looks bonkers

@MarkTheCat 7 месяцев назад

Mustn’t’ve is easy to follow, that’s why it’s more acceptable, though is a bit unusual in casual English

@Iosaiv 7 месяцев назад

Kabonka.

@cameron7374 7 месяцев назад

@@0x1E4 I write out shouldn't've, wouldn't've and couldn't've every now and then, look at it and then consider whether or not I should actually do that for a moment.

@electron8262 7 месяцев назад

I use them too, my brain just never realized that it was contracting the 'have'

@electron8262 7 месяцев назад

It just kind of contracts itself

@criszis 7 месяцев назад

A poignant example of this is the stark difference of tone between "Let's go!" and "Let us go!".

@RAFMnBgaming 7 месяцев назад

and let's a go!

@krystiankowalski7335 7 месяцев назад

TF2 spy: “Let us move!”

@kevinlopezobrien5366 7 месяцев назад

With that transition, you go from modern person straight to Gandalf.

@underarmbowlingincidentof1981 7 месяцев назад

Gangster:"Let us scram!"

@inv41id 7 месяцев назад

@@kevinlopezobrien5366 Either Gandalf or just pleading for your freedom

@HenryPalmer-np6fw 6 месяцев назад

Tom has taught me more than all of my english teachers

@slothfulfrostgod5281 6 месяцев назад

A couple years ago finding the language files woke up an intense love for language, etymology, etc, so it makes me so happy that Tom is giving us more episodes, even if only a few. Thank you Tom for always making such amazing videos, never stop learning

@iamb0nk3rs 18 дней назад

Does the existance of a michigander imply the existance of a michigoose?

@Elendrial 7 месяцев назад

I find it kinda funny that hearing "there'dn't've" actually worked completely fine for me, but reading it is a nightmare.

@elysiumsexsmith 7 месяцев назад

I'm almost certain "there'd'n't've", "there'c'n't've", "there'sh'n't've" and "there'w'n't've" are used within certain regional English dialects.

@aaronspeedy7780 7 месяцев назад

@@elysiumsexsmith Yes! I use all of those all the time! I even sometimes write them!

@sylv256 7 месяцев назад

@@elysiumsexsmith i say "there shouldn't've", "there couldn't've" etc. instead of contracting the should/could/would, and it's perfectly fine to use "there'dn't've" in my dialect. i tend to say the "could/should/would" very quickly though.

@demothes 7 месяцев назад

Yes, came here to write exactly that!

@Visstnok 7 месяцев назад

I find it kind of sad.

@CoffeehouseCrime 7 месяцев назад

Brb, using there’dn’t’ve in my next script

@varunapathak2096 7 месяцев назад

Oh so you follow Tom for grammar lessons 👀

@Youcanatme 7 месяцев назад

Someone please @ me when it comes out?

@TheOne_6 7 месяцев назад

Hello, checkmark person! You guys are hard to find these days.

@east2e 7 месяцев назад

im going to use it on my masters thesis, wish me luck

@lunaburnt-toast718 7 месяцев назад

Tell Nero I said "pspspsps!" and give him a pet for me.

@vooligan9499 6 месяцев назад

Anybody else been typing sentences with "there'dnt've" and realising that it actually reads quite naturally after watching this? 😂

@Cluuey 6 месяцев назад

That thumbnail is brilliant, it bent my brain trying to sort it out! I find your language files playlist very enjoyable, additions to it always make me happy.😀

@OfficiallySnek 7 месяцев назад

If we had collectively embraced linguistic complexity and innovation, there’dn’t’ve been any concern about future generations understanding the word there’dn’t’ve.

@AvsJoe 7 месяцев назад

It's what it's.

@SuperFitzyBoi 7 месяцев назад

Yes, if only we'd.

@hippocraticly6167 7 месяцев назад

It's there didn't have not there would hsve that it expands to

@varma101 7 месяцев назад

@@hippocraticly6167 Felt like I was having a stroke trying to read this

@thebaddestguy 7 месяцев назад

@@AvsJoe 'Tis what 'tis.

@SageArdor 7 месяцев назад

I wondered why I never had the concept of "clitics" explained to me in school but then I realized by the time my classmates had developed the comprehension for them, none of them would have taken the phrase "clitic" seriously.

@arcanics1971 7 месяцев назад

We looked it at at Uni in both my Bachelor's and my Masters in Linguistics and in both cases it still got the response it would have inspired at high school. "I can't find the clitic," became an injoke among us for a while. Until we realised that every group of Ling students that has ever covered this also made the exact same jokes.

@1pcfred 7 месяцев назад

I've always heard them called contractions.

@llaughridge 7 месяцев назад

@@1pcfredThen you missed the point of the video. “Can’t” is a contraction of “can not”. In “can’t”, the can is the root and the ‘t is the clitic.

@thepastarat 7 месяцев назад

@@1pcfred contractions are the whole word, clitics are the parts added to make them contractions. Isn't is a contraction, and the 't is the clitic in the contraction.

@jimboshizz 7 месяцев назад

@@arcanics1971even the most cunning linguist can struggle allegedly

@rionancuadrasal5307 6 месяцев назад

We've all had difficulties finding the clitic before.

@ArielVisionary 4 месяца назад

Wow, I am so impressed. As a retired ESL teacher, that presentation was superb. And such great articulation!

@LoboLakerGaming 7 месяцев назад

One time I typed *y’all’d’ve* to a group of friends from the midwest in a group text (I’m from the South) and they thought I was insane. “You all would have”, like “if y’all’d’ve gotten here on time, then…”. In my head it made perfect sense but to them it was so alien.

@nobodyburgen4594 7 месяцев назад

Because you added an unnecessary "have". "If you all would have have"?

@-aexc- 7 месяцев назад

I understand that perfectly when spoken out loud but through text it just doesnt make sense

@LoboLakerGaming 7 месяцев назад

@@nobodyburgen4594 edited the extra “have” out, didn’t mean to do that

@jacobrodgers2700 7 месяцев назад

As a midwesterner, I would have definitely understood it, spoken or written, but the main "problem" I would have with the written form is that writing more than one contraction in the same word feels wrong.

@TheRenegade... 7 месяцев назад

@@-aexc-I noticed that when Tom's contractions were perfectly comprehensible but I legitimately thought the title was meaningless when I read it

@Laittth 7 месяцев назад

there'dn't've sounded completely natural when you said it out loud

@OhhCrapGuy 7 месяцев назад

Same.

@lucie4185 7 месяцев назад

Multi contractions work fine in some dialects. Like "ain't gonna" 'I am not going to'. "a'st" 'have you had?' "Bin't" 'have you not been?' And my personal favourite"May's'n't" meaning 'may I not as well'

@DeepseaGaming1000 7 месяцев назад

I'm sat here wondering if that's just a Northern English thing

@rog2224 7 месяцев назад

I don't believe it would have stood out in the northern Lincolnshire dialect of my childhood.

@cablefeed3738 7 месяцев назад

I just can't get myself to use it. I always do shouldn't have.

@flyingvenets4204 6 месяцев назад

i’ve been thinking about these for a while now, thank you tom

@FallenCreed 6 месяцев назад

Damn I didn't even realise this was a new video. Toms' videos are really timeless

@HectorHi 7 месяцев назад

I'll never forget my college professor claiming "y'all'll all fail" to a hypothetical question about plagiarism.

@dragonluvver975 7 месяцев назад

You all will all?

@PussTheLegend 7 месяцев назад

yes

@Syrange13 7 месяцев назад

@@dragonluvver975technically, yes. In practice "y'all" is used as the second person plural pronoun, which English doesn't normally have. Yes, it's a contraction, but the meaning has become slightly different.

@user-wx6ms9rv2m 7 месяцев назад

pronounced "Yarlalarl"

@westarrr 7 месяцев назад

@@Syrange13 Sidenote: English used to have a second person plural pronoun (ye), but they dropped it. Southern USA has reintroduced it with y'all, and I love it so much that I use it even though I'm not even remotely from the USA.

@its_elkku135 7 месяцев назад

I love that the examples Tom and the other writers for this video decided to use for the concept of prefixes were "protodog" and "antidog"

@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 6 месяцев назад

There was definitely a "yep, let's roll with it!"

@derekmarshall6332 6 месяцев назад

I love you Tom. You and your random videos that entrap my interest 😂

@zzL2536 6 месяцев назад

I love how every once in a while, he does this type of video

@stephenwodz7593 7 месяцев назад

As an English teacher, I found this most edifying. Thanks Tom.

@jwag301 7 месяцев назад

stop.

@exterminator9676 7 месяцев назад

start.

@SluggishRain 7 месяцев назад

stop.

@Fvckallofyou1 7 месяцев назад

start.

@adriancole745 7 месяцев назад

stop.

@abhi211-T 7 месяцев назад

I’m really going to miss these linguistics videos, Tom. Thanks for the existing treasure trove you’ve already made!

@writeordie5452 7 месяцев назад

Videos'll keep on coming, just not regularly. He didn't say he'll stop making videos altogether, just that there won't be a weekly schedule to follow.

@PlatinumAltaria 7 месяцев назад

There are lots of channels that do similar stuff on a regular basis, like K Klein and LingoLizard.

@ssj3gohan456 7 месяцев назад

@@PlatinumAltaria agwa schwa!

@mmmmmatt 7 месяцев назад

RIP

@CathrineMacNiel 7 месяцев назад

@@ssj3gohan456don't you schwa us!

@jonnysmith5998 6 месяцев назад

I left on the day after it fell through mid battle. I’m glad you managed to actually make this so entertaining as I thought it was dead in the water.

@seanmcgrath8412 6 месяцев назад

Thank you, Tom Scott! Prior to this video, and despite my best efforts (and believe me, I tried) I was never able to find the clitic

@Tim43447 7 месяцев назад

As a kid, I reduced ‘What happens if’ to ‘Whoppens if’ or ‘Whappens if’ interchangeably. My parents thought it was hilarious. I’d like to coin the term; W’happens 😁

@softlysnowing3959 6 месяцев назад

W'happens'f

@monkeybusiness673 6 месяцев назад

Go ahead, ses w'happens!

@softlysnowing3959 6 месяцев назад

@@monkeybusiness673 w'happens'f I're t'say "there'dn'tve"

@noodlekeeper5150 6 месяцев назад

@@softlysnowing3959 I love how stupid the English language is.

@kaylaa2204 6 месяцев назад

@@softlysnowing3959at this point why don’t we write everything in IPA?

@GameDevYal 7 месяцев назад

I've been really obsessed with mentally replacing "shouldn't" with "shannot" after someone quoted original Shakespeare lines at me a couple months back. It's amazing how quickly languages change, even seeing the new slang words of the year makes me feel like I can barely keep up anymore.

@jaojao1768 7 месяцев назад

Ooh, that is really cool! I am not a native speaker myself, and my writing style is quite odd from seldom speaking English and mostly reading old books in the language, so maybe I'll start using "shannot" now

@CestLimee 7 месяцев назад

books from the 1800’s used «I shan’t» which I assume to be shortened from «shannot». Wonder how we got back to «shouldn’t», a longer and more difficult word

@Timberwolf69 7 месяцев назад

@@CestLimee "Shan't" and "shannot" most likely come from "shall not".

@RFC3514 7 месяцев назад

I thought a shannot was a kind of unian.

@stratonikisporcia8630 7 месяцев назад

@@CestLimee "shouldn't" is the past tense of "shan't" which is more "nuanced" just like may/might or can/could

@sirlukesalotgaming6767 6 месяцев назад

I HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR A VIDEO LIKE THIS FOR YEARS big double contraction user myself my favorite to use (in typing) is shouldn't've

@simonharris4873 Месяц назад

You've made my wife's day with this. She's been telling me I should know what a clitic is for years. Now if I can just find the ruddy thing.

@stardreamer3492 7 месяцев назад

Food for thought: ending a sentence with “can’t,” “don’t,” “shouldn’t” or “won’t” is acceptable.

@MentalParadox 7 месяцев назад

I agree, you shouldn't.

@luipaardprint 7 месяцев назад

Isn't that because they're contractions, not clitics?

@liadeindadani6913 7 месяцев назад

@@luipaardprintBut it's (it is), is also a contraction

@luipaardprint 7 месяцев назад

@@liadeindadani6913 according to how I understood the explanation isn't that a clitic? Is leaves a 's, while op's example are n't, It's confusing anyway.

@denimnoir6163 7 месяцев назад

@@liadeindadani6913 Not all contractions are clitics, but all clitics are contractions

@unArthodoxDR 7 месяцев назад

As a non-native english writer, this video makes my blood boil. _...for all the right reasons! Keep it up Tom!_

@blindleader42 7 месяцев назад

If i'd the misfortune of having to learn English as a second language, all of my blood would've boiled away, long ago.

@jacquelineliu2641 7 месяцев назад

@@blindleader42 Genuine question, why? Many languages (zh, ja, ko, and probably most Indo-European languages) are much more difficult than English, in one aspect or another. As a non-native English speaker I'm glad that the global lingua franca today is not French or German.

@echorises 7 месяцев назад

@@jacquelineliu2641 I would say that English (especially in the written form) is an inconsistency queen. I am saying that as a person who studied other Indo-European languages and my native language is not Indo-European. What made English the lingua franca is that English-speakers were not grammar nazis throughout the history. Even to this day, if you spend years learning French and make a single mistake, most of native French speakers will not be nice about it. I remember getting some hostility from two french "hippies" because I used the word "ridicule" instead of "bizarre" in French. They did not stop to think that maybe I meant "bizarre," instead they chose look at me very seriously and kind of got angry. I mean, if hippies are like that, I cannot imagine what a teacher would do.

@mozarteanchaos 7 месяцев назад

@@echorises actually what made english the current lingua franca is mostly colonialism the list of countries england hasn't tried to invade and/or subjugate at some point is very very small

@steemlenn8797 7 месяцев назад

@@jacquelineliu2641 I totally understand you on French. It's such a trouble to have to learn a language for the written and one for the spoken variant! But German? Only German can has the Sesame Street Song going Der, die, das. Wer, wie, was? Wieso, weshalb, warum? Wer nicht fragt bleibt dumm! 🙂🙃🙂😊😉😇

@maryammohamed5150 6 месяцев назад

I was thinking about lingthusiasm yesterday and wondering if they were still going. And then I see this video and find out they're! I'm happy to see that

@maximiliangonzalez3915 6 месяцев назад

okay but "there'dn't've" worked perfectly at least in my ears

@nemtudom5074 7 месяцев назад

Fun fact: Despite everything Tom does, including the computer science stuff His degree is in linguistics and i love that he occasionally shows us interesting things about it!

@Arcessitor 7 месяцев назад

Do you mean despite? Cause if so, you might wanna change that from what you have now.

@nemtudom5074 7 месяцев назад

@@Arcessitor fk fixed Only i could misspell despite to despise

@galliman123 7 месяцев назад

Shouldn't've done that 😂

@GermanSausagesAreTheWurst 7 месяцев назад

I recommend the podcast he mentioned at the end- it's called Lingthusiasm. It's similar to this episode. I even have one of their t-shirts.

@annaairahala9462 7 месяцев назад

In a way computer science is just another form of linguistics

@SumTingWong886 7 месяцев назад

I’m so glad you highlighted “couldn’t’ve” since it’s been one of my favorite double contractions for years. In grade school I remember writing it and wondering why there weren’t many other double contractions that sound correct when spoken but this has answered that question once and for all!

@mailleweaver 7 месяцев назад

Once'nf'rall

@ThomasTheThermonuclearBomb 7 месяцев назад

Huh, my teachers always counted double contractions as incorrect edit: guys i'm not saying he's wrong, i'm just saying it's interesting that his teachers counted it and not mine

@SumTingWong886 7 месяцев назад

@@ThomasTheThermonuclearBomb I do think they aren’t a part of formal or academic writing. But they’re a good way to represent the way a large portion of English speakers *actually* talk colloquially.

@thorr18BEM 7 месяцев назад

@@ThomasTheThermonuclearBombIt's wrong to spell it "shouldn't of" which is what you see far too often. I very much like using shouldn't've and similar.

@biocta 7 месяцев назад

@@ThomasTheThermonuclearBomb A lot of people, teachers especially, are really anal about clinging to by the book grammar rules and stubbornly refuse to accept that language changes over time. So here's one thing you're smarter than them about.

@lunadinkelberg6381 6 месяцев назад

I love the shout out to the lingthusiasm podcast, its really good!

@JakeRanney 4 месяца назад

As Jon Bon Jovi once said, "'Tis my life; 'tis now orn't ever. I'mn't going t'live forever."

@GuErEhX 7 месяцев назад

As a non-native speaker who has been teaching English for 10+ years, I find your videos really insightous on how I can teach how these things happen. Thanks Tom.

@pandakicker1 7 месяцев назад

insightful* Practice makes perfect! Don't forget that even us native speakers make mistakes sometimes! (;

@YourCapybaraAmigo_17yrsago 7 месяцев назад

😂😂 insightous

@jeroenwarner4834 7 месяцев назад

beautiful word

@jwag301 7 месяцев назад

@@pandakicker1 we does?

@idiot528 7 месяцев назад

@eric-qr7of yes my fried weed does

@MechMK1 7 месяцев назад

I love how in modern internet lingo, simply adding the suffix "-n't" has become a universal negation.

@jacobanderson2291 6 месяцев назад

This is why the company “Thriven’t” is headed to ruin

@mars_12345 6 месяцев назад

yesn't

@notahotshot 6 месяцев назад

It needs to becomen't.

@JAIL_FACE 6 месяцев назад

Negation't

@MaryAnnNytowl 6 месяцев назад

Ooh, one of my favorite language subjects! Thanks, Tom!

@holacasita1979 4 месяца назад

I was wondering about this yesterday. Thanks, tom

@AndersBergh 7 месяцев назад

As a Swede... We salute you on making a harder language(written) than us..... But then we have our neighbours.. the Finns... You will always have a special place on the podium ...

@MatthewDoel32 7 месяцев назад

Don’t forget Hungarian

@jankisi 7 месяцев назад

If we talk about the hardest written language, Mandarin has got to win

@brokenursa9986 7 месяцев назад

Everyone's pitching all these "bad written languages," but completely ignoring the abomination that is written Tibetan. Ah, yes, I'd like a language whose spelling hasn't been updated since the Vikings were out raiding England.

@morsemurraidh1314 7 месяцев назад

@AndersBergh It took me an embarrassingly long time to realize "Glass" meant "Ice Cream." ...There's only so many common noises a human will make, and there'll always be some overlap.

@k.a.u.4599 7 месяцев назад

What's more interesting is that this usually isn't written! It's more often spoken

@compscijedi 7 месяцев назад

As someone living in the Southern US, several southern dialects around me (both Appalachian and Piedmont) have "there'd'nt've" and "y'all'd'nt've" as valid contractions, though not common.

@WGGplant 7 месяцев назад

It's common in speech, but it's never written down.

@dougthayer5829 7 месяцев назад

When I lived in Texas I heard y'all'd'nt've all the time. Like, "y'all'd'nt've done that." I don't know if it's the same where you're from, but it sounded like "yallininuh done that"

@smeezekitty 7 месяцев назад

Those contractions aren't even that unusual in the pacific northwest, to say. You'd never seen them written that way though

@llaughridge 7 месяцев назад

@@dougthayer5829No, I think what you heard was a pronunciation of “you oughtn’ve done that”, which is a contraction of “you ought not to have done that”. Some southern US speakers might not even know the full phrase, they’re just repeating the sound “yalltnuv” that they picked up from others doing the same.

@ads1035 7 месяцев назад

my favorite "southernism" remains, "Wh' y'all'd've seen't if'n y'all'd've been'ere!"

@c2thaj2tha71 6 месяцев назад

I did not expect this to be in my recommended let alone be so captivating 😂

@ntq1ty 6 месяцев назад

I love the citations flipping into view in the corner

@timd3469 7 месяцев назад

I was such a stickler about proper English when I was younger. Then I learned how much language changes, not only over time but also even short distances. Now I believe if your audience can understand you, you are doing it right.

@DanielVerberne 6 месяцев назад

I'm glad to hear someone express this view. I feel similarly. I retain my interest in mostly trying to 'communicate properly', but I'm also aware of just how dynamic and restless language is, especially as we see new terms enter the lexicon during our own lifetimes as new concepts emerge. Anyone being a stickler for pronunciation or spelling need only look to written works from the 18th century or prior to see just how much the language of English has differed over time.

@CookiesRiot 6 месяцев назад

I go a step further and speculate that the inefficiency of human language as a means of communication makes true 1:1 understanding essentially impossible.

@Yajoy-kh3kc 6 месяцев назад

virgin language purist vs chad descriptive linguist

@MartijnCoppoolse 6 месяцев назад

@@CookiesRiot I think that’s not just because of the inefficiency of language; it’s also that different people’s prior knowledge and experiences vary so wildly that 100% 1:1 understanding would be impossible anyway, regardless of the communication method.

@CookiesRiot 6 месяцев назад

@@MartijnCoppoolse It's fun to speculate, in sci-fi especially, a society that can transmit information to each other without distortion of meaning. Hive mind societies are especially popular thought experiments. One that I find particularly compelling is the Geth from Mass Effect, who are explicitly in constant communication such that each individual unit is compared to a set of eyes looking at the universe from a different angle. Essentially, they all receive and understand information identically. Despite that, though, individual units have extra software installed which causes them to process the information into a different conclusion, and so a huge schism happened. They are fully aware of the thoughts and processes that the opposite faction experienced, but computationally are obligated to choose differently. They have identical understanding of the opponent's view and simultaneously agree to be different. There are two fun contrasts of speech versus a more efficient system in NieR: Automata and The Three-Body Problem. In NieR, there are robotic units which pause a huge conversation with human language to switch to a more efficient protocol, at which point the rest of the conversation is blurted out in a computer language. In the Cixin Liu book trilogy, on the other hand, there is a civilization which can physically see the interior thoughts of other individuals, so they immediately have a 1:1 snapshot of a thought that exists the exact way that they think. Deception is not a concept they really comprehend.

@therelaxcentral 7 месяцев назад

Thanks for explaining this, Tom. Now most guys can find the clitic.

@zyaicob 7 месяцев назад

I have been so shocked at how little clitic jokes I've seen?

@therelaxcentral 7 месяцев назад

@@zyaicob You and I both. I think I've seen 1 other that was after mine.

@niceowl 7 месяцев назад

@@zyaicobare you saying they're hard to find?

@stevejakab274 7 месяцев назад

It takes a cunning linguist to understand proper use of the clitic.

@YourCapybaraAmigo_17yrsago 7 месяцев назад

@@stevejakab274 but the rewards can be worth it

@nicoletaylor933 6 месяцев назад

Love your language videos!

@ggerald_ Месяц назад

*my brain:* did you understand? *other part of my brain:* yesn't

@TheGreatLake1998 7 месяцев назад

As a native English speaker with a degree in English, I’m not even sure I can speak in English after listening to this video.

@brokenursa9986 7 месяцев назад

I'm a linguistics student, and I like to joke that, as a linguist, the language I'm worst at speaking is my own (English).

@pyromaniacal13 7 месяцев назад

I like saying "English is my only language, and it shows" when I stumble on words.

@CookiesRiot 6 месяцев назад

These videos are a bit like, "You're suddenly aware of the feeling of your tongue in your mouth." Now I'm hyper-critical of my speech patterns.

@MannyBrum 6 месяцев назад

Eallswa Ængliscan sprecan, ic gefele swa same þe.

@aneesadelagalleta5282 6 месяцев назад

whyn't

@user-qjvqfjv 7 месяцев назад

What's really mindblowing is how this is all entirely intuitive and not actually taught. My parents and teachers never taught me any of this, but I know it without even having to think about it, because humans are so good at recognizing patterns.

@SongBillong 7 месяцев назад

Such a good point. It's bizarre, really!

@therubberducktube 7 месяцев назад

According to the anecdotal stories of a couple of other commenters, it isn't entirely intuitive though, given that there are kids running around saying "I amn't" instead of "I'm not". I'm thinking it is partially learned behavior from listening to how adults and peers are using the language.

@stevethepocket 7 месяцев назад

Kind of like the rule of what order adjectives go in. It's so complex I've given up trying to memorize it, but I've never heard anyone break it.

@hi-i-am-atan 7 месяцев назад

@@therubberducktube i mean, the implication of the op was that it's intuitive in the sense that it's intuitively _learned,_ rather than explicitly taught. hence the mention of pattern recognition, which wouldn't be relevant if the contractions were instinctive instead of intuited hell, amn't over ain't would count as intuitive, too, it's just a phenomenon that i imagine pops up in regions were a kid ain't likely to be exposed to ain't and thus would have to contract "am not" on their own

@matthewjbauer1990 7 месяцев назад

@@therubberducktube I more commonly hear people say "i'm'n't for that.

@smallollie 6 месяцев назад

Woh, super happy to see this want uploaded years ago

@Geeksvana 6 месяцев назад

Why does this discussion somehow sooth my soul? 😅

@WindlessZephyr 7 месяцев назад

years ago I had fun chatting with a coworker who'd just moved to seattle from alabama about this sort of stuff. I told him that "y'all'd've" is something he's absolutely learned to say and understand and it kinda blew his mind because he'd never considered that before

@thescholarsjourney661 7 месяцев назад

I say this a lot! I didn't even grow up in the South, either!

@Nefville 7 месяцев назад

I'm from Kentucky and I've never heard this. Of course this is the north of the south, perhaps it didn't make it this far but I am curious how you use that in a sentence.

@SangosEvilTwin 7 месяцев назад

Funny thing, I'm entirely west coast, living in the greater Seattle area, and y'all'd've is perfectly natural to me

@randomhuman3883 7 месяцев назад

@@Nefvilley'all'd've understood how to use the word properly if yous was really southern.

@Nefville 7 месяцев назад

@@randomhuman3883 Thank you. Can't disagree either, this state is in an undefinable geographic location. Its not southern, not mid west, not east coast nor southeast. Call it mid east? Anyways thanks!

@ToxicNeon 7 месяцев назад

As an US southerner... don't underestimate what we'll blend together 😂

@krashd 7 месяцев назад

As words or in a stew.

@mr.stargazer9835 7 месяцев назад

@@krashd Both

@miral6694 7 месяцев назад

@@mr.stargazer9835 As my grandpa used to say, "It all goes to the same place anyways."

@barrothontherocks3325 7 месяцев назад

y'all'dn't've'ta say that

@Gun5hip 7 месяцев назад

Cousins

@8bitbunnie936 6 месяцев назад

I use these when talking tons! Glad to finally know what it's called!

@arididomenico6974 4 месяца назад

oh wow i’ve been curious about this for a while, might have to check out that book 👀

@hyperchlorite8808 7 месяцев назад

Tom= Why don't those contractions work? Also Tom= That took me about 17 takes to get right

@RN1441 7 месяцев назад

The most common lesson I've encountered when trying to learn a second language is that I haven't actually learned English.

@ThatGuy-c 7 месяцев назад

It's so much pain learning this

@MezzoForteAural 7 месяцев назад

@@ThatGuy-c Ya, sure, ya betcha. Uff dah, some dat talking folks be doing, dontcha know?

@EvilParagon4 5 месяцев назад

I regularly say "I'ven't" "Hey did you see the FNaF movie?" "Nah, I'ven't been yet."

@noel8147 6 месяцев назад

i chose my college major from tom’s linguistics videos and now i study psycholinguistics and am pursuing speech-language pathology. these videos really tickle my brain idk

@TKDWN_YT 7 месяцев назад

Stuff like this is why I can see how non-native English speakers have so much trouble getting used to the language. I don’t even know how we all learned this, we just… figured it out on our own somehow

@leogiri2863 7 месяцев назад

To be fair that seems to be a common issue with languages, at least any language I've come across. I'd say English is even a bit more intuitive than some others

@hayden.A0 7 месяцев назад

@@leogiri2863 Perhaps the main issue with English is that it's relatively inconsistent sometimes. Pronunciation is a prime example, with vowels being all over the place. Compare that to (standard) Japanese, for example. Grammatical rules tend to have lots of exceptions too. Though it's mainly a consequence of English being affected by or being a combination of several languages over time (e.g., it's a Germanic language heavily influenced by French and the Nords)

@Kromiball 7 месяцев назад

@@hayden.A0Pronunciation isn't the problem it's the orthography

@camelopardalis84 7 месяцев назад

As someone who studied English at school for ca. six years before letting it improve by reading books and watching films and later using RU-vid: School doesn't focus on the best things about English.

@Gumaonetwothree 7 месяцев назад

As a Dutch Dude who learned English in school and from video games at like 10-14, English is really intuitive and easy, "they're their and there" and "then/than" are the only slight confusing things. But even that comes quite easy with a bit of practice, "They're doing their things there"

@josecarlosamador 7 месяцев назад

Me, a non-native english speaker: "Finally, after years of studying, no one will stop me from speaking and understanding english" Tom Scott: "Hold my beer".

@mercian9425 7 месяцев назад

Noone isn't a word by the way. It's no one, 2 words.

@auroragb 7 месяцев назад

who's noone? why is noone trying to stop you from speaking english? 🤣

@josecarlosamador 7 месяцев назад

@@mercian9425 Tom is doing great, no need to help him!

@BichaelStevens 7 месяцев назад

Studying* No one* Tsk tsk 🤣

@clementpoon120 7 месяцев назад

why are people being arseholic pedants to some random guy for a negligible mistake

@gingerlicious6188 6 месяцев назад

I LOVE the linguistics videos you do as someone who's really interested in linguistics overall!!! Keep 'em coming please! (when you can and within reason, I know you have things planned way out)

@agwasp 6 месяцев назад

Tom Scott came through a drive thru I worked in a few years ago. I didn’t say anything to him to show I know who he was - but I can confirm he was exactly like you expect - and very lovely!

@IneaFaedyn 7 месяцев назад

Clitic is another good word for all us cunning linguists out there

@GCAT01Living 7 месяцев назад

Spit-take all over my phone. Thank you. 😅

@CainXVII 7 месяцев назад

Ok good one

@jaojao1768 7 месяцев назад

indeed

@wahconah98 7 месяцев назад

We are unsure if anyone has ever found a clitic.

@EnoVarma 7 месяцев назад

Show me your it's.

@daniel.... 7 месяцев назад

As a large language model I found this very informative.

@rubidot 7 месяцев назад

💀

@6ch6ris6 7 месяцев назад

nice one

@s.t.-1094 7 месяцев назад

who'd'ya think y'are?

@ExploringNew1 7 месяцев назад

💀💀💀

@Worthy_Edge 7 месяцев назад

@@dontgotomypage4072your dad's trip to get the milk isn't

@thehomoestsexual3530 6 месяцев назад

i was starting to get worried that i'd never find the clitic - good to have this information

@MoonBeautySabata 6 месяцев назад

I'm glad I have an explanation for this now, for years I have been responding to "man, that sucks" or "sorry about that" with the phrase "no problem, it's what it's" just to have the person im talking to stop for a minute and try to process what I said.

@Nyx__ 7 месяцев назад

i'm gonna start to use "there'dn't've" just to make people go crazy. Thanks for another banger Tom.

@AJCham 7 месяцев назад

I'mma start to use it too.

@stragen0013 7 месяцев назад

Yes'nt = no is the best one to drive people crazy 🤣

@heliofaros1344 7 месяцев назад

A contraption made of contractions 😊

@e_Moses 7 месяцев назад

You bettern't.

@imveryangryitsnotbutter 7 месяцев назад

Please gon't.

@KiRAyylmao 7 месяцев назад

I think a good example of how language changes in regards to this is that "it'sn't" isn't a thing, but tisn't is an archaic version of exactly that

@krashd 7 месяцев назад

T'was always thus.

@miral6694 7 месяцев назад

Oh it's a thing, we just pronounce it "t'ain't" now. Which is criminally underrepresented in the New England-focused comedy world, let me tell you.

@notwithouttext 7 месяцев назад

'tis! 'tisn't!

@SiobhanJohnson 7 месяцев назад

In some Northern English dialects like mine, you can have '' t'int ''

@MiseFreisin 7 месяцев назад

'snot can also be used

@adambarr5258 6 месяцев назад

I love Tom Scott so much, you watch a video and you can never tell whether its from 2 weeks ago or from 10 years ago.

@NiJo826 6 месяцев назад

"y'alld've shouldn't've done that" is a fave i've heard

@Justrex01 7 месяцев назад

I'm a word nerd and I approve this message. A while ago I spent a bit of time talking to a young man in the UK. He kept typing "should of" and "could of" rather than should've or could've. The he argued with me when I mentioned the word was have and not of. Ah, well. Thanks, Tom!

@PiousMoltar 7 месяцев назад

Oh dear, I knew somebody like that. Good bloke otherwise.

@laurencefraser 7 месяцев назад

The problem with English being allergic to ending words in v: the word is 'ov', contracts to 'v' same as 'have' does, but it's written 'of'... forcing the word that's Actualy said as 'of' to be written as 'off' insted... blech.

@d_alistair-years 7 месяцев назад

Probably still traumatised from his English teachers telling him the same thing 🤭

@AaronOfMpls 7 месяцев назад

tbf, that _is_ how we say those contractions. This feels like the kind of 'mistake' that could easily become a variant form -- or even standard practice -- if repeated enough. 🙂

@kenbrown2808 7 месяцев назад

that's a good example of people learning words by sound and figuring out how to write them, instead of learning words by sight.

@SAber_Pilot 7 месяцев назад

Thank you! I have never been able to properly explain to my Croatian girlfriend why the phrase "Yes, I'm" is not a grammatically correct response to a question. This is the perfect explanation.

@matthewjbauer1990 7 месяцев назад

It mightn't be grammatically correct to say "yes I'm" or "yes it's" (or simply answering a question with "it's" or "i'm") but its part of US southern English to say things like that.

@moladiver6817 7 месяцев назад

@@matthewjbauer1990I'm not a linguist nor a native English speaker but I even find it hard to believe that saying I'm as a response is wrong. Because in principal it isn't. I think people simply confuse grammar with customs and habits. And language changes all the time. Like Tom said, English used to say 'tis instead of it's. In Dutch we still do that. "It is" in Dutch would be "het is". Saying het's in Dutch would be the perfect analog for it's but it feels wrong to native speakers. 'tis the way it is. ;)

@SAber_Pilot 7 месяцев назад

@@matthewjbauer1990 For sure. In this case I meant just in writing specifically

@wadecodez 6 месяцев назад

it's like how using shorthand makes parts of the language more likely to become ambiguous because you are omitting words

@mitchelllimque2027 6 месяцев назад

This video was indeed excellent, and I found the information it contained to be quite informativen't.

@tapthelvete 7 месяцев назад

I thought this video was 10 years old then I looked at when it was posted. You haven’t changed at all! And that really isn’t a bad thing, you’re awesome!

@pigeondance 7 месяцев назад

my thoughts exactly!!

@DanielVerberne 6 месяцев назад

Maybe this is a Cryo-frozen instance of Tom Scott, periodically revived to give Tom 1.0 a break.

@reygenne1 6 месяцев назад

@@DanielVerberne that's true

@deadlypyre 6 месяцев назад

Tom Scott has masters in linguistics

@DJ_Level_3 7 месяцев назад

Honestly, the execution of there'dn't've in the intro made it feel so natural that I didn't really think it sounded strange!

@smeezekitty 7 месяцев назад

Somebody might make that actual contraction without thinking about it (but not write it) and people would understand it just fine

@iantaakalla8180 7 месяцев назад

There’d’n’t’ve feels like a thing a rushed person would say, so it feels more natural to say there’d’n’t’ve then to write there’d’n’t’ve.

@laurencefraser 7 месяцев назад

@@smeezekitty debatable. Not least because it's almost impossible to say naturally without tripping over it and turning it into a jumbled mess.

@simonhakso9211 6 месяцев назад

I completely understood the introduction and I’ve definitely said to’ve’d

@Googahgee 6 месяцев назад

My favorite is “y’all’dn’t’ve” “You all would not have”

@carolthedabbler2105 7 месяцев назад

I critiqued a story, written by a European, which included a conversation ("Is it?" "Yes, it's.") that was clearly not idiomatic, even though it didn't break any of the usual "rules." I scratched my head and finally came up with "Don't end a sentence (or clause) with a (pro)noun-verb contraction." Thanks to you, I now know the official word for that!

@genghisdingus 7 месяцев назад

You think you can't end a sentence with a contraction but I don't.

@JuhanaSiren 7 месяцев назад

@@genghisdingus "Let's make that a rule!" "Yes, let's!"

@bricaaron3978 7 месяцев назад

@@genghisdingus *"You think you can't end a sentence with a contraction but I don't."* Your effort at humor fails. His direction was not against ending a sentence with a contraction --- it was against ending a sentence with a _(pro)noun-verb_ contraction.

@hypehuman 7 месяцев назад

@@bricaaron3978Maybe "pronoun-verb" was edited in?

@bricaaron3978 7 месяцев назад

@@hypehuman You make a point. I didn't notice the fact that the original post was edited. If the OP _did_ edit it specifically in response to the following posts, that would indicate dishonesty. As it stands, I will hold off for a bit. I may need to offer an apology to *@genghisdingus* at some point, though.