Why Are You Multicellular?

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Check out Destin’s video on Smarter Every Day: “DEVIL FACIAL TUMOR DISEASE” • DEVIL FACIAL TUMOR DIS...
“The Vital Question” by Nick Lane: amzn.to/1SntUdG
Further reading:
Bonner, J. T. (1998), The origins of multicellularity. Integr. Biol., 1: 27-36.
Grosberg, Richard K., and Richard R. Strathmann. "The evolution of multicellularity: a minor major transition?." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics (2007): 621-654.
Parfrey, Laura Wegener, and Daniel JG Lahr. "Multicellularity arose several times in the evolution of eukaryotes" Bioessays 35.4 (2013): 339-347.
Szathmary, Eors, and John Maynard Smith. "The major evolutionary transitions." NATURE 374 (1995): 16.
Szathmáry, Eörs. "Toward major evolutionary transitions theory 2.0."Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112.33 (2015): 10104.
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It’s Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.D.
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Опубликовано:

24 апр 2016

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Комментарии : 637

@TheOswald42 8 лет назад

remember when you're alone.....actually you're not alone....there are millions cells support your decision... and of course...there are bazillion cells out there that against your decision

@Vertutame 5 лет назад

and when your allies decide you're bad dictator, you're going to get cancer.

@confusedpotato7045 5 лет назад

What if l told you... We are all related so we are fighting ourselve

@bills9346 2 года назад

@@confusedpotato7045 We should mashup to form a bigger animal.

@aetherian31 2 года назад

@@bills9346 we already do.. we form a collective called society or civilization

@K.S.Khunkhao 8 лет назад

This channel deserves an Oscar.

@BeastOrGod 8 лет назад

You wrote Nobel wrong.

@Hybrid10Prime_Creative 7 лет назад

+Solitude Damn right!

@Lewa500 6 лет назад

ขุนเขามีคำตอบ Emmys are for serialized content, not Oscars.

@quackadoodles5930 5 лет назад

10/10 grammer

@MichaelSHartman 5 лет назад

Madison, or the Grouch?

@bootblacking 8 лет назад

"Dr. R. Kaya" What you did there, I saw it.

@besmart 8 лет назад

+meadslosh Gotta show love to all the kingdoms

@summertime9332 5 лет назад

Ikr. So clever

@bb-gb7jv 3 года назад

Timestamp?

@besmart 8 лет назад

Here's why 1 + 1 = you… Lots of interesting reading in the description this week if you want to dig deeper! Be thankful for those evolutionary transitions…

@kallebanan1924 8 лет назад

+It's Okay To Be Smart oke

@DorthLous 8 лет назад

+It's Okay To Be Smart So mitochondria is next week?

@GoLee10000 8 лет назад

+It's Okay To Be Smart So, I'm a bit confused. You seemed to have talked more about the benefits of being multi-cellular instead of talking about what actually caused it and why. The title is a bit vague in that regard. Like, have scientists observed some of the theories briefly mentioned, like cellular velcro you described and do they have an idea of what caused that velcro in the first place?

@mayok_5468 8 лет назад

why we all look different

@RohitPatil_Tech 8 лет назад

I usually dnt like much of Biology but I have to admit u made it pretty Interesting!!

@samoneill4286 8 лет назад

I'm single cellular and I find this offensive

@pythor2 8 лет назад

I'm U.S. Cellular and I found this wireless.

@FutureAIDev2015 8 лет назад

+Matt Smith BEST JOKE EVER

@ofonildao 8 лет назад

+Matt Smith I didn't get it ;-;

@Ra000leo 6 лет назад

STOP dividing people into binary, singe or multicelular, it offends me.

@ramonapiercesalvatore5917 5 лет назад

Being multicellular or single cellular is just a social construct

@agamkohli3888 8 лет назад

Bestceller

@cs2d20 8 лет назад

lol

@herbertkeithmiller 8 лет назад

+Agam Kohli Cellf-Help

@masac2853 3 года назад

Get out

@Ekaekto 8 лет назад

The single life Axe skit made my day :-D

@lcfree89 8 лет назад

Just finished teaching unicellular/multicellular to my 6th grade classes! This is great timing IOTBS!

@ericvilas 8 лет назад

bestceller cellf-help books. joe, that's... ....wow. Just wow. (I love it. Keep 'em coming.)

@Piffsnow 7 лет назад

I can't believe how good this channel is. Thanks for the good work !

@JazzyJacksJokeShack 8 лет назад

Wow... this video was great! It had really easy to digest and fascinating information AND great subtle jokes, keep it up!

@koopa5504 7 лет назад

2:16 The "Bestcellers" made me laugh for some reason xD

@MrThis1dude 7 лет назад

ok I've just finished a 3 hour binge of "it's ok to be smart" and this was the cherry on top that made me subscribe and yes sir I will always stay curious!

@AricDaNinja 8 лет назад

7 creationists and 44 amoebas disliked this video.

@CaptIronfoundersson 8 лет назад

But who cares what creationists think?

@AricDaNinja 8 лет назад

God, obviously.

@irrilevante3950 8 лет назад

+Owen McCauley creationist aren't able to think

@alphaamoeba 5 лет назад

Im creationist and i don't believe in Evolution stuff But whatever, idk why, but i like this kind of vids AND DONT JUDGE ME HOSERS

@Nanamowa 4 года назад

@@alphaamoeba Not believing in evolution is like not believing the Holocaust happened. We know it happens, it's not really something you can believe or not believe, you can either accept reality, or deny reality.

@stivcdl 8 лет назад

Amazing video. I love this channel, and this is already one of my favourite videos. Very well crafted and animated, plus it's a very interesting topic. Congratulations! You nailed it!

@kierenvanderhaar6329 4 года назад

Oh my soul... I love these videos so much, keep up the great work guys... Nd thanks PBS you have alot of great channels

@jacobnair6707 8 лет назад

"Can you imagine if all cells were competing for survival. Oh wait, that's called cancer." So this is how DramaAlert was created

@heyitsalex99 8 лет назад

i felt the pain of the sea slug when you cut of its tail, #mercyfortheseaslug

@firewolfhd7686 8 лет назад

Haha "Cellf-help" . That pun 😂

@EugeneKhutoryansky 8 лет назад

Thanks for the video.

@RXCodes 3 года назад

👍

@TheBookwormAlly 3 года назад

@@RXCodes 👍

@Kleinbiology 8 лет назад

Awesome video! I show your series to my biology students.

@chris_jones 8 лет назад

This is the best writing so far. I literally lol'd at the fat cell on the scooter, and the cancer bit was perfect. It was a complicated topic explained expertly.

@RayRay-lo2wn 5 лет назад

But Dr Joe, I currently have a Genetics class at university, and from what I've learned, cancer is just the result of the cell losing "control", 'cause of: mitosis without control, not answering to apoptosis signaling, gene's expression at wrong times... Why do you say it's because the cell is being "selfish"?

@abdullahalsubaiei9170 2 года назад

both are true

@kellydunn5261 8 лет назад

I love your channel! Keep up the good work!

@dege13 8 лет назад

I like all the little jokes and clips in the video. It makes learning more fun. Well done, as always.

@sciblastofficial9833 6 лет назад

All the puns in the library: 1) Best-cell-er 2) Cell-f help 3) The book's author is Dr. R. Kaya (Archaea) 4) Dr. R. Kaya wrote another book with Flagellum in it (Flagellum is bacteria tail)

@Qazmaxier 8 лет назад

2:10 So much puns my heart stopped!

@iinRez 8 лет назад

Quite the education -as always! Thank you!

@xxbootywaterbanditboixx2169 3 года назад

And you my good sir, just saved me and my presentation.

@ViableJourneys 7 лет назад

I just subscribed and I love this series

@WeissM89 8 лет назад

What's been bugging me for years it's how millions of individual cells, each with its own function and lifespan, can give form to a single conscious individual. Plants and insects, they may behave like giant microorganisms so it's more understandable, but more developed animals, specially humans, who are aware of themselves... It's so weird.

@MrLinguist88 8 лет назад

Bestcellers....lol...

@zebracake1414 8 лет назад

I really really enjoy these videos. How long does it take you guys to make them?

@kalikiter1 8 лет назад

The next episode is going to be on how mitochondria came about isnt it?

@mikozieg 7 лет назад

Actually, it is.

@yeetushmm6073 2 года назад

IAmJalex The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell

@ShutterAuthority 8 лет назад

Great episode as always! Do you do all the animation and fx by yourself?

@vikramchavda3876 2 года назад

Jo@@BeBoBE

@evilcam 8 лет назад

Another great episode, and timely for me in this case, as I have been thinking about this quite a bit lately. Though my issue comes more from a philosophical perspective, than a genetic one (though they are of course still intimately related), so I don't want to write a wall of text about it now. I have also wondered about how life first suddenly appeared on this planet (so I am happy to hear you're going to talk about that next), and also how prokaroyta became eukaroyta. What I tried to read about it suggested that something similar to what you discussed here happened, where what we call cell organelles may have been separate creatures, who just infected each other, through a random chance of nature found they survived better working together, and organelles being made directly by the host cell just started to happen. The organization principles some cells used to place their organelles caused some prokarotes to evolve through random mutations and they became bigger cells, with a nucleus. Though, I don't know how it worked. That is just what I thought the articles were saying...so who knows how off not only my interpretation of it could be, but also how off that theory could be.

@KohuGaly 8 лет назад

+evilcam yes, the famous theory of endosymbiosis. We are pretty much certain it happened - chloroplasts and mitochondria are way too similar in DNA and structure to bacteria to come to be just randomly via normal evolution.

@Piffsnow 8 лет назад

Good content, I like that. :) Thanks ! That cliffhanger though. ^^

@GardeningInRaeford 8 лет назад

Joe, I really like your show - I just wish it was longer! Space Time is usually well over 10 minutes long! I will keep watching regardless of how long your videos are though.

@nutellafoxvideos7350 8 лет назад

if you think about it, it makes perfect sense to think that the first multi-cellular organisms were plant-type animals. Some cells decided to start banding together, some focused more on helping with their structural advantages, others with their photosynthetic abilities, and others with their ability to make more cells. One question: So, basically, as these cells came together, did they start sending bits of DNA and Chromosomes to each other or something like making one cell that had enough genetic information to make a replica of every cell in the group? would make sense that somewhere along the line this happened either accidentally or on purpose with some development to the point where the cells would evolve into groups with more cells (because groups with more cells would have a higher fitness) as having one reproducing cell mutate to make more copies would eventually lead to more complex life. (and in a relatively short period of time too since some cell groups can reproduce quickly and some mutations happen over short generations...)

@OfficialDenzy 5 месяцев назад

No?

@maxgreen6691 6 лет назад

I love just watching these when I have nothing to do

@sonicthehedshot9789 8 лет назад

I would really enjoy a video on how it is theorized that eukaryotic cells ate a prokaryotic and became mitochondria.

@Bryjolf 8 лет назад

Really liked the video one of the best you have done.

@BenRollman 8 лет назад

I hope the next episode deals with the idea that cellular life got larger because one had a hole in it and another cell "fell" into it. I love that idea.

@daniellombardi3670 8 лет назад

You guys need more views!!!! the channel is great!

@noriluka8325 4 года назад

Thank you for all your videos!

@SuperNinjaTurtle7272 5 лет назад

Just finished the vital question. Best book hands down nick lane is an amazing author read his life ascending and oxygen now vital question and on to the next.

@gregoryashton 5 лет назад

Loving the mobility-scooter-user reference ;)

@Xeno455 7 лет назад

I love these videos. Intellectual and full of memes.

@DeeRizz Год назад

How much work he puts in to these deserves him an Oscar

@voiceofaliens 8 лет назад

Cool topic and I like how you mentioned the currently last stage of evolution: societies. I often think about how civilized societies compare to hermits in the wild in a similar way that cells in larger organisms compare to single-celled ones, and how it comes to be that individuals end up giving up their freedoms to live as part of a whole.. you become tame and dependent instead of independent, eventually losing the ability to survive alone.. but the whole can accomplish so much more than the individual.

@xelaboksan 8 лет назад

Wonderful episode. Thank you 😃

@Master_Therion 8 лет назад

Really, Joe? You're using bad puns for cheap laughs... such a cell-out. ;)

@tomato3280 8 лет назад

youre so celly

@Master_Therion 8 лет назад

Tomato Dorito Well, that esc-CELL-ated quickly.

@retak4110 8 лет назад

+Master Therion Awwwh! You're so cell-fish....

@zeeotter100 8 лет назад

+Master Therion no

@ianprado1488 5 лет назад

nice

@alleenlettersengetal 7 лет назад

2:14 = pure gold!

@MaxvanStraaten_0 8 лет назад

Do we really have to wait a full week to see that next episode? ok, thanks for this episode, liked it.

@Kram1032 8 лет назад

Can you list all ~30 known times this transition happened? I didn't know that and I'd love to hear more about this.

@besmart 8 лет назад

+Kram1032 Numerous times in green algae (Volvox, Chlorococcum, sea lettuce to name a few), numerous times in fungi, numerous times in red algae, numerous times in brown algae, numerous times in different slime molds, but maybe just once for animals! Check the description for the article by John Bonner. Lots there

@Kram1032 8 лет назад

interesting! I previously thought it was, like, once for plants (in forms of algae which then branched off and eventually turned into our plants today), once for fungi and once for animals.

@TheRedKnight101 8 лет назад

+Kram1032 There are four main eukaryotic kingdoms still wrongly accepted. The amoebas, fungi, and animals split one way and the rest including plants split the other way. The kingdom protista commonly thought to be unicellular is mostly just a mash up of everything not concidered a plant, animal, or fungi. When in reality these organisms can be one cell or 60 meters tall. To keep it simple most schools teach 4 kingdoms or 6 for those who havent accepted the 3 domains. The improved taxonomy is newer so it has yet to be fully accepted and well known.

@speedwagon1824 11 месяцев назад

@@TheRedKnight101 a protist is any eukaryote that's not an animal, plant or fungi

@TheRedKnight101 11 месяцев назад

@@speedwagon1824 Well that is true, it is a collective term that doesn't take taxonomy into account. Protista is not a kingdom it a mix of all other eukaryotes that didn't fit neatly into the plants, animals, or fungi.

@mandanamovahedi3681 7 лет назад

Hi Joe. I've subscribed before but this time it's for a different reason.This time I got an ideas for two awesome videos. The first idea is,WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THE EARTH STOPPED SPINNING , and,WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THERE WAS NO MOON.

@sreagin88 8 лет назад

Dr. R. Kaya... haha i love it!

@matthewtheobald1231 8 лет назад

This was a very good epidode

@FroscoToppings 8 лет назад

That was beautiful, man

@--6880 8 лет назад

Love these videos 👍🏻

@obadanaim6174 8 лет назад

7 creationists disliked the video

@nerdnation1076 8 лет назад

Shhhh... Thats a secret.

@Rezkeshdadesh 8 лет назад

+Obada Naim No, it was all the bacteria watching this video. Check your multicellular privilege.

@obadanaim6174 8 лет назад

Rezkeshdadesh lol

@JeremyWS 8 лет назад

+Obada Naim I'm a progressive creationist and I liked this video, not by mistake, but on purpose. I love this channel. So learn think better.

@gmike777hot2 8 лет назад

No the dislikes came from the fact that this is RU-vid. And if nobody dislikes your video. You're not getting enough views.

@syzy1442 3 года назад

i love the narration and the jokes! 11/10!!

@ulilulable 8 лет назад

Slimes are really, really cool, switching being single cell and multiple cell organisms. Just got reminded of that when viewing this video.

@ihebchagra9332 8 лет назад

your animator is very talented!

@elimalinsky7069 7 лет назад

I thought that seaweed and trees had a common ancestor, which is the green algae, the ancestor of all plant life. IIRC, all plants evolved from a single species of green algae, meaning multicellular clustering happened only once in all plants.

@Pandamasque 8 лет назад

Nicelly done with all the puns!

@baruchbolinski6891 3 года назад

A normal bacteria with a mutation that made it clump together when it divided wouldn't be able to function normally and survive well. It wouldn't necessarily have it's cells cooperate and try to do the same thing either, and cell specialization would be a huge jump.

@MrRperez10 8 лет назад

I like the explanation

@joshuaaguilar7187 8 лет назад

Good episode.

@keira_churchill 8 лет назад

That communication system you mentioned at 2:52 isn't telegraph poles. It's cell phones. :)

@iamjijojohny 8 лет назад

wonderful animation.....!!!

@suelane3628 6 лет назад

Lovely presentation. Actually bacteria do form colonies and some are able to communicate with each other by electrical wires. Multicellularity only evolved in the Eukaryotes as the mitochondria provided enough energy. Out of the multicellular eukaryotes, only three develop from embryos. (Plants, Fungi & Animals.) Animals in particular develop from a blastula. I have never come across any evolutionary significance of embryos, yet they did lead to three Kingdoms. Any ideas??

@YeahGetThaT 8 лет назад

Will the Audible offer be available, say, a week or two from now? (I'd like to wait until school's over).

@EmeraldView 4 года назад

I've often asked myself this question. Being a single cell seems so much easier.

@stormytheman4264 8 лет назад

Cellf - help. really?

@evanhosley2360 8 лет назад

Best cellers

@Nors2Ka 8 лет назад

Oh god the animations were on point!

@spidrluvr888 2 года назад

I'm baked and thinking about cells.. good video ,🙂👍

@TheAngryAstronomer 8 лет назад

When the scissors came in and cut the multicellular thing I had a mini existential crisis.

@fredleept 8 лет назад

That Titantic reference was hilarious.

@hectorsantos4662 5 лет назад

Loved the puns at 6:06

@ForsakenPixel 8 лет назад

2:17 "now is the time" ahaha thank you for a good laugh c: and 3:03 you took the laugh back :'c

@Mauritz5 5 лет назад

This is the best use of my cellular data

@Slay1337pl 8 лет назад

This should be shown in schools.

@FuriousImp 8 лет назад

2:07 "Bestcellers". Nice. Very punny!

@TheLegoJungle 8 лет назад

2:14 Dr. R. Kaya eh?I like it ;D

@MCC900 8 лет назад

1:17 Okay... now I want an actual Evolution board game. xD

@burtonlang 8 лет назад

Based on a Radiolab episode I listened to recently, I reckon the next video is gonna be about the origin of mitochondria.

@mikkicarr5717 8 лет назад

Haha, the author of that book! Dr. R. Kaya. Good one.

@Gothead420 8 лет назад

1:18 : I want that game!

@SciStone 8 лет назад

Have you ever read "The selfish Gene" by richard dawkins? great video btw.

@seraphinachristinepalmer6903 3 года назад

You deserve an Oscar.

@TeamMCDean 8 лет назад

Great haircut man, looks good

@BranDenhauer 8 лет назад

1:53 What kind of rough neighborhoods have people shooting arrows at you?

@curiouswind9196 6 лет назад

where did the first cell/cells came to be? (not debating just wondering)

@micahholt9895 8 лет назад

Oddly, I felt like I retrieved a moral lesson from this like we humans could learn a lesson or two from those uniting single cellular organisms with dealing with our civilization on a macro scale about unity. Lol.

@austinbyers4690 8 лет назад

Do a video on tachyon particles

@deborahmutombo7224 8 лет назад

oh the puns!! you killed me with the puns!!! 😂😂😂

@dougthedonkey1805 3 года назад

“Why am I multicellular? If I were unicellular, I wouldn’t be sitting here watching a video on it, now would I?

@naimimeraj379 8 лет назад

He Is So Smart!!

@zachlochabay5803 8 лет назад

I listened to a podcast that discussed this topic by Radiolab called "Cellmates". However, it doesn't seem like the theory you're explaining is the same as that. Is this true or are you just explaining different parts of that theory?

@besmart 8 лет назад

+Zach Lochabay "Cellmates" is a great episode of Radiolab! But that event is a different one from what I'm talking about in this video. You might want to check in on Monday though…